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Special Educational Needs and Disabilities of Children in Custody: A Systematic Review of International Research

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Title: Special Educational Needs and Disabilities of Children in Custody: A Systematic Review of International Research
Language: English
Authors: Scott Thomas (ORCID 0009-0003-3100-6720), Jonathan Glazzard (ORCID 0000-0002-6144-0013)
Source: Review of Education. 2025 13(2).
Availability: Wiley. Available from: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030. Tel: 800-835-6770; e-mail: cs-journals@wiley.com; Web site: https://www.wiley.com/en-us
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 36
Publication Date: 2025
Document Type: Journal Articles
Information Analyses
Reports - Research
Descriptors: Special Needs Students, Students with Disabilities, Children, Childrens Rights, Student Rights, Civil Rights, Institutionalized Persons, Correctional Institutions, Youth, Federal Legislation, Foreign Countries, Legal Problems, Labeling (of Persons), Attitudes toward Disabilities, Social Bias, Child Neglect, Child Abuse
Geographic Terms: United Kingdom (England), United Kingdom (Wales)
DOI: 10.1002/rev3.70081
ISSN: 2049-6613
Abstract: The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNRC) was introduced to guarantee the rights of all children to an education and to ensure that the imprisonment of children is used as a last resort and that children who are detained are treated with humanity. However, children who are imprisoned are disadvantaged in both respects. Research shows that providing and improving education in custody helps to reduce the possibility of recidivism and high crime rates in young offenders. This review, drawing on evidence from 18 papers, focuses on the education of children and young people with special educational needs and disabilities (SEND) in custodial settings. In England, although the legal rights of children with SEND are outlined in the Children and Families Act 2014 and the Special Educational Needs and Disability Code of Practice, this review demonstrates that these rights are not upheld. This systematic literature review analyses 18 papers from predominantly, but not exclusively, England and Wales. The results indicate that both the education and youth justice systems globally are disabling and criminalising children through processes that, often unintentionally, label, stigmatise, isolate, neglect and harm children with SEND. We propose an original international framework to support the assessment of SEND of children in custody, and an original international inclusion framework for leaders in custodial settings. Both frameworks, we suggest, will help prison leaders to better identify and support children with SEND who are being held in custody, thus underscoring the significance of our research.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2025
Accession Number: EJ1481439
Database: ERIC
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  Data: Special Educational Needs and Disabilities of Children in Custody: A Systematic Review of International Research
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Scott+Thomas%22">Scott Thomas</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3100-6720">0009-0003-3100-6720</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jonathan+Glazzard%22">Jonathan Glazzard</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6144-0013">0000-0002-6144-0013</externalLink>)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22Review+of+Education%22"><i>Review of Education</i></searchLink>. 2025 13(2).
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  Data: Wiley. Available from: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030. Tel: 800-835-6770; e-mail: cs-journals@wiley.com; Web site: https://www.wiley.com/en-us
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  Data: 36
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  Data: 2025
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  Data: Journal Articles<br />Information Analyses<br />Reports - Research
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Special+Needs+Students%22">Special Needs Students</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Students+with+Disabilities%22">Students with Disabilities</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Children%22">Children</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Childrens+Rights%22">Childrens Rights</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Student+Rights%22">Student Rights</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Civil+Rights%22">Civil Rights</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Institutionalized+Persons%22">Institutionalized Persons</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Correctional+Institutions%22">Correctional Institutions</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Youth%22">Youth</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Federal+Legislation%22">Federal Legislation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Foreign+Countries%22">Foreign Countries</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Legal+Problems%22">Legal Problems</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Labeling+%28of+Persons%29%22">Labeling (of Persons)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Attitudes+toward+Disabilities%22">Attitudes toward Disabilities</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Social+Bias%22">Social Bias</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Child+Neglect%22">Child Neglect</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Child+Abuse%22">Child Abuse</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22United+Kingdom+%28England%29%22">United Kingdom (England)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22United+Kingdom+%28Wales%29%22">United Kingdom (Wales)</searchLink>
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  Data: 10.1002/rev3.70081
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  Data: 2049-6613
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNRC) was introduced to guarantee the rights of all children to an education and to ensure that the imprisonment of children is used as a last resort and that children who are detained are treated with humanity. However, children who are imprisoned are disadvantaged in both respects. Research shows that providing and improving education in custody helps to reduce the possibility of recidivism and high crime rates in young offenders. This review, drawing on evidence from 18 papers, focuses on the education of children and young people with special educational needs and disabilities (SEND) in custodial settings. In England, although the legal rights of children with SEND are outlined in the Children and Families Act 2014 and the Special Educational Needs and Disability Code of Practice, this review demonstrates that these rights are not upheld. This systematic literature review analyses 18 papers from predominantly, but not exclusively, England and Wales. The results indicate that both the education and youth justice systems globally are disabling and criminalising children through processes that, often unintentionally, label, stigmatise, isolate, neglect and harm children with SEND. We propose an original international framework to support the assessment of SEND of children in custody, and an original international inclusion framework for leaders in custodial settings. Both frameworks, we suggest, will help prison leaders to better identify and support children with SEND who are being held in custody, thus underscoring the significance of our research.
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  Data: 2025
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        Value: 10.1002/rev3.70081
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      – Text: English
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        PageCount: 36
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Special Needs Students
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Students with Disabilities
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Children
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      – SubjectFull: Childrens Rights
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      – SubjectFull: Student Rights
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      – SubjectFull: Civil Rights
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      – SubjectFull: Correctional Institutions
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      – SubjectFull: Youth
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      – SubjectFull: Federal Legislation
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      – SubjectFull: Foreign Countries
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      – SubjectFull: Labeling (of Persons)
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      – SubjectFull: Attitudes toward Disabilities
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      – SubjectFull: Social Bias
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      – SubjectFull: Child Neglect
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      – SubjectFull: Child Abuse
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      – SubjectFull: United Kingdom (England)
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      – SubjectFull: United Kingdom (Wales)
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      – TitleFull: Special Educational Needs and Disabilities of Children in Custody: A Systematic Review of International Research
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