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The Role of Haptic Interaction in Embodied Extended-Reality Learning: A Three-Level Meta-Analysis

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Title: The Role of Haptic Interaction in Embodied Extended-Reality Learning: A Three-Level Meta-Analysis
Language: English
Authors: Peidi Gu, Yihang Li, Hailin Ji, Yiran Zhang, Yi Zhang (ORCID 0000-0001-7153-0955), Yanhong Luo
Source: Educational Psychology Review. 2025 37(4).
Availability: Springer. Available from: Springer Nature. One New York Plaza, Suite 4600, New York, NY 10004. Tel: 800-777-4643; Tel: 212-460-1500; Fax: 212-460-1700; e-mail: customerservice@springernature.com; Web site: https://link.springer.com/
Peer Reviewed: Y
Publication Date: 2025
Document Type: Journal Articles
Information Analyses
Reports - Research
Descriptors: Tactual Perception, Computer Simulation, Computer Uses in Education, Outcomes of Education, Intervention, Time Factors (Learning), Pacing, Classroom Environment, Kinesthetic Perception, Health Sciences, Sciences
DOI: 10.1007/s10648-025-10072-w
ISSN: 1040-726X
1573-336X
Abstract: While haptic interactions are increasingly integrated into embodied Extended-Reality (XR) educational systems, their impacts on students' learning outcomes remain underexplored. To address this gap, a comprehensive three-level meta-analysis of 25 studies (50 effect sizes) was conducted to evaluate how haptic interactions in XR learning environments affect students' learning (i.e., conceptual learning, operational performance, and user experience). Funnel plots and Egger's regression method revealed no significant publication bias. Results indicated significant improvements in conceptual learning (g = 0.91, 95% CI: [0.40, 1.41]) and user experience (g = 0.48, 95% CI: [0.06, 0.90]) with haptic interactions, though effects on operational performance were non-significant. Moderator analyses explicitly identified key contextual drivers of efficacy: (1) Intervention time: Long-term (g = 0.79) and middle-term (g = 1.65) interventions outperformed short-term implementations; (2) Learning pace: System-paced (g = 0.97) outperformed self-paced; (3) Environment: Both classroom (g = 0.90) and lab (g = 0.87) settings yielded significant gains; (4) Subject domain: Health sciences (g = 0.79) and science technology (g = 0.62) yielded significant gains; (5) Haptic type: Kinesthetic feedback (g = 1.21) surpassed tactile approaches. These findings underscore haptic interactions' potential to enhance educational outcomes through multi-sensory learning, while providing actionable strategies, such as prioritizing kinesthetic tools, to optimize XR-based learning.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2025
Accession Number: EJ1488697
Database: ERIC
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  Data: The Role of Haptic Interaction in Embodied Extended-Reality Learning: A Three-Level Meta-Analysis
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Peidi+Gu%22">Peidi Gu</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yihang+Li%22">Yihang Li</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hailin+Ji%22">Hailin Ji</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yiran+Zhang%22">Yiran Zhang</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yi+Zhang%22">Yi Zhang</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7153-0955">0000-0001-7153-0955</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yanhong+Luo%22">Yanhong Luo</searchLink>
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  Data: Springer. Available from: Springer Nature. One New York Plaza, Suite 4600, New York, NY 10004. Tel: 800-777-4643; Tel: 212-460-1500; Fax: 212-460-1700; e-mail: customerservice@springernature.com; Web site: https://link.springer.com/
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  Data: While haptic interactions are increasingly integrated into embodied Extended-Reality (XR) educational systems, their impacts on students' learning outcomes remain underexplored. To address this gap, a comprehensive three-level meta-analysis of 25 studies (50 effect sizes) was conducted to evaluate how haptic interactions in XR learning environments affect students' learning (i.e., conceptual learning, operational performance, and user experience). Funnel plots and Egger's regression method revealed no significant publication bias. Results indicated significant improvements in conceptual learning (g = 0.91, 95% CI: [0.40, 1.41]) and user experience (g = 0.48, 95% CI: [0.06, 0.90]) with haptic interactions, though effects on operational performance were non-significant. Moderator analyses explicitly identified key contextual drivers of efficacy: (1) Intervention time: Long-term (g = 0.79) and middle-term (g = 1.65) interventions outperformed short-term implementations; (2) Learning pace: System-paced (g = 0.97) outperformed self-paced; (3) Environment: Both classroom (g = 0.90) and lab (g = 0.87) settings yielded significant gains; (4) Subject domain: Health sciences (g = 0.79) and science technology (g = 0.62) yielded significant gains; (5) Haptic type: Kinesthetic feedback (g = 1.21) surpassed tactile approaches. These findings underscore haptic interactions' potential to enhance educational outcomes through multi-sensory learning, while providing actionable strategies, such as prioritizing kinesthetic tools, to optimize XR-based learning.
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