Train-the-Trainer: A Generic Offer-and-Use Model for the Development of Trainers

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Bibliographic Details
Title: Train-the-Trainer: A Generic Offer-and-Use Model for the Development of Trainers
Language: English
Authors: Susanne Wisshak (ORCID 0000-0002-7664-0253), Pia Schäfer (ORCID 0000-0003-4759-7740), Leo van Waveren (ORCID 0000-0002-3817-8109)
Source: International Journal of Training and Development. 2025 29(4):449-461.
Availability: Wiley. Available from: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030. Tel: 800-835-6770; e-mail: cs-journals@wiley.com; Web site: https://www.wiley.com/en-us
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 13
Publication Date: 2025
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Descriptive
Education Level: Adult Education
Descriptors: Trainers, Training, Teacher Education, Professional Continuing Education, Transfer of Training, Models, Training Methods, Program Evaluation
DOI: 10.1111/ijtd.12370
ISSN: 1360-3736
1468-2419
Abstract: This article is based on the premise that the international scientific community needs a generic theoretical framework to explain the determinants and mechanisms associated with learning opportunities for trainers in the field of training and development. Therefore, we adapted offer-and-use models for the continuous training of schoolteachers to trainers. We also incorporated the concept of the transfer of training into the model. The transfer of acquired knowledge and skills from the learning context to the work context represents an important criterion for training effectiveness. Since train-the-trainer programmes should also adhere to this criterion, our proposed model incorporates theoretical and empirical findings regarding transfer-enhancing measures drawn from both general training and development and the continuous education of schoolteachers. The theoretical model includes external factors (the train-the-trainer programme); individual factors (the participating trainers); contextual factors (the trainers' workplaces); the perception, interpretation, and use of learning opportunities; and learning processes of the trainers. These factors ultimately affect training outcomes at different levels (reactions, learning, transfer, and results). This model can be used to support long-needed scientific investigations of the determinants underlying train-the-trainer programmes as well as the quality of those qualifications. It also has considerable implications with respect to the conceptualisation and evaluation of such programmes in practice.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2025
Accession Number: EJ1488716
Database: ERIC
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Description
Abstract:This article is based on the premise that the international scientific community needs a generic theoretical framework to explain the determinants and mechanisms associated with learning opportunities for trainers in the field of training and development. Therefore, we adapted offer-and-use models for the continuous training of schoolteachers to trainers. We also incorporated the concept of the transfer of training into the model. The transfer of acquired knowledge and skills from the learning context to the work context represents an important criterion for training effectiveness. Since train-the-trainer programmes should also adhere to this criterion, our proposed model incorporates theoretical and empirical findings regarding transfer-enhancing measures drawn from both general training and development and the continuous education of schoolteachers. The theoretical model includes external factors (the train-the-trainer programme); individual factors (the participating trainers); contextual factors (the trainers' workplaces); the perception, interpretation, and use of learning opportunities; and learning processes of the trainers. These factors ultimately affect training outcomes at different levels (reactions, learning, transfer, and results). This model can be used to support long-needed scientific investigations of the determinants underlying train-the-trainer programmes as well as the quality of those qualifications. It also has considerable implications with respect to the conceptualisation and evaluation of such programmes in practice.
ISSN:1360-3736
1468-2419
DOI:10.1111/ijtd.12370