Synthesis of Benzoylferrocene by Friedel-Crafts Acylation: Reinforcing Recrystallization and Spectroscopic Techniques in the Undergraduate Organic Chemistry Laboratory
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| Title: | Synthesis of Benzoylferrocene by Friedel-Crafts Acylation: Reinforcing Recrystallization and Spectroscopic Techniques in the Undergraduate Organic Chemistry Laboratory |
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| Language: | English |
| Authors: | Raúl R. Rodríguez-Berríos (ORCID |
| Source: | Journal of Chemical Education. 2025 102(11):4905-4913. |
| Availability: | Division of Chemical Education, Inc. and ACS Publications Division of the American Chemical Society. 1155 Sixteenth Street NW, Washington, DC 20036. Tel: 800-227-5558; Tel: 202-872-4600; e-mail: eic@jce.acs.org; Web site: http://pubs.acs.org/jchemeduc |
| Peer Reviewed: | Y |
| Page Count: | 9 |
| Publication Date: | 2025 |
| Document Type: | Journal Articles Reports - Research Tests/Questionnaires |
| Education Level: | Higher Education Postsecondary Education |
| Descriptors: | Undergraduate Students, College Science, Organic Chemistry, Science Laboratories, Spectroscopy, Scientific Concepts, Laboratory Experiments, Nonmajors, Laboratory Training, Laboratory Procedures |
| DOI: | 10.1021/acs.jchemed.5c00901 |
| ISSN: | 0021-9584 1938-1328 |
| Abstract: | Ferrocene is an organometallic compound widely incorporated into undergraduate organic and inorganic chemistry curricula. Traditional laboratory experiments typically involve the Friedel-Crafts acylation of ferrocene to produce acetylferrocene or diacetylferrocene, with a purification method focused on column chromatography. To expand the educational scope of ferrocene-based experiments, our organic chemistry education research group designed and implemented a novel laboratory experiment centered on the synthesis of benzoylferrocene using chloroform as an alternative solvent to dichloromethane. The most significant improvement was the emphasis on recrystallization using heptane as the greener purification method and reinforcement of the use of spectroscopic techniques. This experiment was specifically tailored for nonmajor undergraduate students enrolled in organic chemistry laboratory courses at UPR-RP. Product characterization was carried out through melting point analysis, IR spectroscopy, and [superscript 1]H NMR spectroscopy. To evaluate the effectiveness of the experiment, a combination of pre- and post-tests, a laboratory report, and a perception questionnaire were administered to assess students' conceptual understanding, learning outcomes, and perceptions of the new experiment. Results demonstrated that the experiment significantly improved students' comprehension of reaction theory and laboratory techniques while also providing an engaging and meaningful learning experience. |
| Abstractor: | As Provided |
| Entry Date: | 2026 |
| Accession Number: | EJ1491022 |
| Database: | ERIC |
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