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Simultaneous Detection of Cheaters and Compromised Items Using a Biclustering Approach

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Title: Simultaneous Detection of Cheaters and Compromised Items Using a Biclustering Approach
Language: English
Authors: Hyeryung Lee (ORCID 0000-0001-7642-6161), Walter P. Vispoel
Source: Journal of Educational Measurement. 2025 62(4):608-638.
Availability: Wiley. Available from: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030. Tel: 800-835-6770; e-mail: cs-journals@wiley.com; Web site: https://www.wiley.com/en-us
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 31
Publication Date: 2025
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Descriptors: Identification, Cheating, Test Wiseness, Test Items, Accuracy, Reaction Time, Attention, Simulation, Vignettes, Prior Learning, Guessing (Tests), Testing Problems, Information Security
DOI: 10.1111/jedm.70004
ISSN: 0022-0655
1745-3984
Abstract: Traditional methods for detecting cheating on assessments tend to focus on either identifying cheaters or compromised items in isolation, overlooking their interconnection. In this study, we present a novel biclustering approach that simultaneously detects both cheaters and compromised items by identifying coherent subgroups of examinees and items exhibiting suspicious response patterns. To identify these patterns, our method leverages response accuracy, response time, and distractor choice data. We evaluated the approach on real datasets and compared its performance with existing detection approaches. Additionally, a comprehensive simulation study was conducted, modeling a variety of realistic cheating scenarios such as answer copying, pre-knowledge of test items, and distinct forms of rapid guessing. Our findings revealed that the biclustering method outperformed previous methods in simultaneously distinguishing cheating and non-cheating behaviors within the empirical study. The simulation analyses further revealed the conditions under which the biclustering approach was most effective in both regards. Overall, the findings underscore the flexibility of biclustering and its adaptability in enhancing test security within diverse testing environments.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2026
Accession Number: EJ1491383
Database: ERIC
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  Data: Simultaneous Detection of Cheaters and Compromised Items Using a Biclustering Approach
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hyeryung+Lee%22">Hyeryung Lee</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7642-6161">0000-0001-7642-6161</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Walter+P%2E+Vispoel%22">Walter P. Vispoel</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22Journal+of+Educational+Measurement%22"><i>Journal of Educational Measurement</i></searchLink>. 2025 62(4):608-638.
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  Data: Wiley. Available from: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030. Tel: 800-835-6770; e-mail: cs-journals@wiley.com; Web site: https://www.wiley.com/en-us
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  Data: Traditional methods for detecting cheating on assessments tend to focus on either identifying cheaters or compromised items in isolation, overlooking their interconnection. In this study, we present a novel biclustering approach that simultaneously detects both cheaters and compromised items by identifying coherent subgroups of examinees and items exhibiting suspicious response patterns. To identify these patterns, our method leverages response accuracy, response time, and distractor choice data. We evaluated the approach on real datasets and compared its performance with existing detection approaches. Additionally, a comprehensive simulation study was conducted, modeling a variety of realistic cheating scenarios such as answer copying, pre-knowledge of test items, and distinct forms of rapid guessing. Our findings revealed that the biclustering method outperformed previous methods in simultaneously distinguishing cheating and non-cheating behaviors within the empirical study. The simulation analyses further revealed the conditions under which the biclustering approach was most effective in both regards. Overall, the findings underscore the flexibility of biclustering and its adaptability in enhancing test security within diverse testing environments.
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        Value: 10.1111/jedm.70004
    Languages:
      – Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 31
        StartPage: 608
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Identification
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cheating
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Test Wiseness
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Test Items
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Accuracy
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Reaction Time
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Attention
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Simulation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Vignettes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Prior Learning
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Guessing (Tests)
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      – SubjectFull: Testing Problems
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      – SubjectFull: Information Security
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      – TitleFull: Simultaneous Detection of Cheaters and Compromised Items Using a Biclustering Approach
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            NameFull: Walter P. Vispoel
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              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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