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The Contrasts between State and Church over the Establishment of Kindergartens in Italy in the Second Half of the 19th Century

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Title: The Contrasts between State and Church over the Establishment of Kindergartens in Italy in the Second Half of the 19th Century
Language: English
Authors: Gabriele Ruiu (ORCID 0000-0002-4337-4665), Lucia Pozzi
Source: History of Education Review. 2025 54(3):53-72.
Availability: Emerald Publishing Limited. Howard House, Wagon Lane, Bingley, West Yorkshire, BD16 1WA, UK. Tel: +44-1274-777700; Fax: +44-1274-785201; e-mail: emerald@emeraldinsight.com; Web site: http://www.emerald.com/insight
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 20
Publication Date: 2025
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Education Level: Early Childhood Education
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Early Childhood Education, Educational History, State Church Separation, Catholics, Politics of Education, Geographic Location, Educational Legislation, Laws
Geographic Terms: Italy, Europe
DOI: 10.1108/HER-10-2024-0040
ISSN: 0819-8691
2054-5649
Abstract: Purpose: The current work focuses on the early childhood education system and the spread of kindergartens across Italian territories in the second half of the 19th century. At least in the initial stages of their development, the Catholic Church strongly opposed their establishment. This led to a dualism between Northern Italy, where the emergence of kindergartens was encouraged, and Southern Italy, where there was strong alignment with the Church's stance. In addition to briefly addressing the political debate among Catholic conservatives and liberals sparked by the emergence of infant schools, this work aims to reconstruct the coverage rates of these institutions at the district/provincial level in the years 1869 and 1892. Design/methodology/approach: Using demographic methods, We relate the number of enrolled children in schools (also distinguished by gender) to the reference population of ages 3-5, accounting for survivorship. Findings: The results suggest that the diffusion of kindergartens was largely a missed opportunity for Southern Italy. Originality/value: To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to map out the distribution of kindergartens across the entire national territory in the decades immediately following unification.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2026
Accession Number: EJ1491554
Database: ERIC
FullText Text:
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  Data: The Contrasts between State and Church over the Establishment of Kindergartens in Italy in the Second Half of the 19th Century
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gabriele+Ruiu%22">Gabriele Ruiu</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4337-4665">0000-0002-4337-4665</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lucia+Pozzi%22">Lucia Pozzi</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22History+of+Education+Review%22"><i>History of Education Review</i></searchLink>. 2025 54(3):53-72.
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  Data: Emerald Publishing Limited. Howard House, Wagon Lane, Bingley, West Yorkshire, BD16 1WA, UK. Tel: +44-1274-777700; Fax: +44-1274-785201; e-mail: emerald@emeraldinsight.com; Web site: http://www.emerald.com/insight
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Foreign+Countries%22">Foreign Countries</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Early+Childhood+Education%22">Early Childhood Education</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Educational+History%22">Educational History</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22State+Church+Separation%22">State Church Separation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Catholics%22">Catholics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Politics+of+Education%22">Politics of Education</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Geographic+Location%22">Geographic Location</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Educational+Legislation%22">Educational Legislation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Laws%22">Laws</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Italy%22">Italy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Europe%22">Europe</searchLink>
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  Data: 10.1108/HER-10-2024-0040
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  Data: 0819-8691<br />2054-5649
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Purpose: The current work focuses on the early childhood education system and the spread of kindergartens across Italian territories in the second half of the 19th century. At least in the initial stages of their development, the Catholic Church strongly opposed their establishment. This led to a dualism between Northern Italy, where the emergence of kindergartens was encouraged, and Southern Italy, where there was strong alignment with the Church's stance. In addition to briefly addressing the political debate among Catholic conservatives and liberals sparked by the emergence of infant schools, this work aims to reconstruct the coverage rates of these institutions at the district/provincial level in the years 1869 and 1892. Design/methodology/approach: Using demographic methods, We relate the number of enrolled children in schools (also distinguished by gender) to the reference population of ages 3-5, accounting for survivorship. Findings: The results suggest that the diffusion of kindergartens was largely a missed opportunity for Southern Italy. Originality/value: To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to map out the distribution of kindergartens across the entire national territory in the decades immediately following unification.
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      – Text: English
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        StartPage: 53
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      – SubjectFull: Foreign Countries
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Early Childhood Education
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Educational History
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      – SubjectFull: State Church Separation
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      – SubjectFull: Catholics
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      – SubjectFull: Politics of Education
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      – SubjectFull: Geographic Location
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      – SubjectFull: Educational Legislation
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      – SubjectFull: Laws
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      – SubjectFull: Italy
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Europe
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              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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