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Gender-Based Disparities in Co-Op Participation: A View from Canada

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Title: Gender-Based Disparities in Co-Op Participation: A View from Canada
Language: English
Authors: Mrittika Dreesha, Emerson Lacroix, Roger Pizarro Milian, Brad Seward
Source: International Journal of Work-Integrated Learning. 2025 26(4):753-769.
Availability: New Zealand Association for Cooperative Education. University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand. Tel: +64-7-838-4892; e-mail: editor@ijwil.org; Web site: https://www.ijwil.org/
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 19
Publication Date: 2025
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Education Level: Higher Education
Postsecondary Education
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, College Graduates, Postsecondary Education, Sex, Gender Differences, Work Based Learning, Cooperative Programs, Student Participation, Majors (Students)
Geographic Terms: Canada
Abstract: Work-integrated learning (WIL) has proliferated throughout Canadian postsecondary education (PSE) in recent decades, aided by governmental support, employer demand, and student needs. Although the benefits of WIL are well-documented, limited attention has been paid to the empirical analysis of gender disparities in WIL access. This study leverages data from Statistics Canada's 2018 National Graduates Survey (NGS) to model gender-based differences in co-op participation--the most prevalent form of WIL in Canada. The findings demonstrate that women are significantly less likely to participate in co-op than men, but that this gender gap is entirely explained by differential field of study selection. Implications for practitioners and policymakers within the WIL ecosystem are discussed, and areas for future research on demographic inequalities in WIL access are identified.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2026
Accession Number: EJ1492305
Database: ERIC
FullText Text:
  Availability: 0
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  Data: Gender-Based Disparities in Co-Op Participation: A View from Canada
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mrittika+Dreesha%22">Mrittika Dreesha</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Emerson+Lacroix%22">Emerson Lacroix</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Roger+Pizarro+Milian%22">Roger Pizarro Milian</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Brad+Seward%22">Brad Seward</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22International+Journal+of+Work-Integrated+Learning%22"><i>International Journal of Work-Integrated Learning</i></searchLink>. 2025 26(4):753-769.
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  Data: New Zealand Association for Cooperative Education. University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand. Tel: +64-7-838-4892; e-mail: editor@ijwil.org; Web site: https://www.ijwil.org/
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  Data: 19
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Foreign+Countries%22">Foreign Countries</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22College+Graduates%22">College Graduates</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Postsecondary+Education%22">Postsecondary Education</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sex%22">Sex</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Gender+Differences%22">Gender Differences</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Work+Based+Learning%22">Work Based Learning</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cooperative+Programs%22">Cooperative Programs</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Student+Participation%22">Student Participation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Majors+%28Students%29%22">Majors (Students)</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Canada%22">Canada</searchLink>
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  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Work-integrated learning (WIL) has proliferated throughout Canadian postsecondary education (PSE) in recent decades, aided by governmental support, employer demand, and student needs. Although the benefits of WIL are well-documented, limited attention has been paid to the empirical analysis of gender disparities in WIL access. This study leverages data from Statistics Canada's 2018 National Graduates Survey (NGS) to model gender-based differences in co-op participation--the most prevalent form of WIL in Canada. The findings demonstrate that women are significantly less likely to participate in co-op than men, but that this gender gap is entirely explained by differential field of study selection. Implications for practitioners and policymakers within the WIL ecosystem are discussed, and areas for future research on demographic inequalities in WIL access are identified.
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  Data: 2026
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      – Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 19
        StartPage: 753
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Foreign Countries
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: College Graduates
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Postsecondary Education
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Sex
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      – SubjectFull: Gender Differences
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      – SubjectFull: Work Based Learning
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cooperative Programs
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Student Participation
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      – SubjectFull: Majors (Students)
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      – SubjectFull: Canada
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Gender-Based Disparities in Co-Op Participation: A View from Canada
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            NameFull: Roger Pizarro Milian
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            NameFull: Brad Seward
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              Y: 2025
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              Value: 26
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