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Development of STEM-5E Learning Module on Application of Metal-Organic Frameworks MOF-235(Fe) as Malachite Green Dye Adsorbent for High School Students

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Title: Development of STEM-5E Learning Module on Application of Metal-Organic Frameworks MOF-235(Fe) as Malachite Green Dye Adsorbent for High School Students
Language: English
Authors: Octaviano Hartanto (ORCID 0000-0002-8517-8216), Deana Wahyuningrum (ORCID 0000-0003-0638-1839)
Source: Journal of Chemical Education. 2026 103(1):500-506.
Availability: Division of Chemical Education, Inc. and ACS Publications Division of the American Chemical Society. 1155 Sixteenth Street NW, Washington, DC 20036. Tel: 800-227-5558; Tel: 202-872-4600; e-mail: eic@jce.acs.org; Web site: http://pubs.acs.org/jchemeduc
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 7
Publication Date: 2026
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Education Level: High Schools
Secondary Education
Descriptors: STEM Education, Learning Modules, Material Development, High School Students, Organic Chemistry, Science Process Skills, Skill Development, Foreign Countries, Scientific Concepts, Science Laboratories, Laboratory Training, Water Pollution
Geographic Terms: Indonesia
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jchemed.5c00746
ISSN: 0021-9584
1938-1328
Abstract: Students' understanding of organic, inorganic, physical, and analytical chemistry is relatively weak, making it challenging for them to apply these concepts in real-life situations. Developing these comprehension and processing skills is essential for achieving the learning objectives in high school chemistry (Phases E-F) in Indonesia. This study aims to develop a STEM-5E chemistry learning module on MOF-235(Fe) and evaluate its impact on learning. Before the module was introduced at the school, a comparative study was conducted in a university laboratory to assess the reference synthesis procedure alongside a newly developed simplified synthesis method for metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). Characterization results from XRD, SEM (EDS), FT-IR, and sorption isotherm analyses confirmed that the MOF-235(Fe) synthesized via an accessible, straightforward approach was successfully formed and demonstrated potential as an effective adsorbent for Malachite Green dye waste. This method ensures suitability for application in school laboratory settings. The activity was implemented in a grade 12 chemistry class using a quasi-experimental design, in which students investigated the effects of contact time, adsorbent dosage, agitation, pH, and dye concentration on adsorption. As part of the STEM project, students were also encouraged to design and create functional prototypes to enable the broader use of MOFs in polluted water areas. The tests and accompanying surveys, evaluated through Rasch analysis, demonstrated a positive impact on students' understanding of chemistry, engagement in laboratory activities, and interest in learning chemistry, indicating the successful development of the module.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2026
Accession Number: EJ1493842
Database: ERIC
FullText Text:
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  Data: Development of STEM-5E Learning Module on Application of Metal-Organic Frameworks MOF-235(Fe) as Malachite Green Dye Adsorbent for High School Students
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Octaviano+Hartanto%22">Octaviano Hartanto</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8517-8216">0000-0002-8517-8216</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Deana+Wahyuningrum%22">Deana Wahyuningrum</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0638-1839">0000-0003-0638-1839</externalLink>)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22Journal+of+Chemical+Education%22"><i>Journal of Chemical Education</i></searchLink>. 2026 103(1):500-506.
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  Data: Division of Chemical Education, Inc. and ACS Publications Division of the American Chemical Society. 1155 Sixteenth Street NW, Washington, DC 20036. Tel: 800-227-5558; Tel: 202-872-4600; e-mail: eic@jce.acs.org; Web site: http://pubs.acs.org/jchemeduc
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  Data: 7
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  Data: 2026
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  Data: Journal Articles<br />Reports - Research
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22High+Schools%22">High Schools</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22Secondary+Education%22">Secondary Education</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22STEM+Education%22">STEM Education</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Learning+Modules%22">Learning Modules</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Material+Development%22">Material Development</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22High+School+Students%22">High School Students</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Organic+Chemistry%22">Organic Chemistry</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Science+Process+Skills%22">Science Process Skills</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Skill+Development%22">Skill Development</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Foreign+Countries%22">Foreign Countries</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Scientific+Concepts%22">Scientific Concepts</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Science+Laboratories%22">Science Laboratories</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Laboratory+Training%22">Laboratory Training</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Water+Pollution%22">Water Pollution</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Indonesia%22">Indonesia</searchLink>
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  Data: 10.1021/acs.jchemed.5c00746
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  Data: 0021-9584<br />1938-1328
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Students' understanding of organic, inorganic, physical, and analytical chemistry is relatively weak, making it challenging for them to apply these concepts in real-life situations. Developing these comprehension and processing skills is essential for achieving the learning objectives in high school chemistry (Phases E-F) in Indonesia. This study aims to develop a STEM-5E chemistry learning module on MOF-235(Fe) and evaluate its impact on learning. Before the module was introduced at the school, a comparative study was conducted in a university laboratory to assess the reference synthesis procedure alongside a newly developed simplified synthesis method for metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). Characterization results from XRD, SEM (EDS), FT-IR, and sorption isotherm analyses confirmed that the MOF-235(Fe) synthesized via an accessible, straightforward approach was successfully formed and demonstrated potential as an effective adsorbent for Malachite Green dye waste. This method ensures suitability for application in school laboratory settings. The activity was implemented in a grade 12 chemistry class using a quasi-experimental design, in which students investigated the effects of contact time, adsorbent dosage, agitation, pH, and dye concentration on adsorption. As part of the STEM project, students were also encouraged to design and create functional prototypes to enable the broader use of MOFs in polluted water areas. The tests and accompanying surveys, evaluated through Rasch analysis, demonstrated a positive impact on students' understanding of chemistry, engagement in laboratory activities, and interest in learning chemistry, indicating the successful development of the module.
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  Data: 2026
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  Label: Accession Number
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  Data: EJ1493842
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        Value: 10.1021/acs.jchemed.5c00746
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      – Text: English
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        PageCount: 7
        StartPage: 500
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: STEM Education
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Learning Modules
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Material Development
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: High School Students
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      – SubjectFull: Organic Chemistry
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      – SubjectFull: Science Process Skills
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      – SubjectFull: Skill Development
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      – SubjectFull: Foreign Countries
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      – SubjectFull: Scientific Concepts
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      – SubjectFull: Science Laboratories
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      – SubjectFull: Laboratory Training
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      – SubjectFull: Water Pollution
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      – SubjectFull: Indonesia
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      – TitleFull: Development of STEM-5E Learning Module on Application of Metal-Organic Frameworks MOF-235(Fe) as Malachite Green Dye Adsorbent for High School Students
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