View in EDS

Employability Skills for Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder/Intellectual Disabilities: Gaps and Expectations

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Title: Employability Skills for Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder/Intellectual Disabilities: Gaps and Expectations
Language: English
Authors: Lisfatul Fatinah, Hiroki Yoneda
Source: IAFOR Journal of Education. 2025 13(3):437-466.
Availability: International Academic Forum. Sakae 1-16-26 - 201 Naka Ward, Nagoya Aichi, Japan 460-0008. Tel: +81-50-5806-3184; Web site: http://iafor.org
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 30
Publication Date: 2025
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Descriptors: Autism Spectrum Disorders, Intellectual Disability, Job Skills, Employment Qualifications, Barriers, Stakeholders, Attitudes, Parent Attitudes, Employer Attitudes, Job Training, Career and Technical Education, Foreign Countries, Social Bias, Attitudes toward Disabilities
Geographic Terms: Indonesia
ISSN: 2187-0594
Abstract: Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and/or intellectual disability (ID) in Indonesia face persistent barriers to meaningful employment despite completing post-secondary education (PSE). The absence of structured, inclusive career education tailored to their needs contributes to high rates of unemployment and underemployment among this population. This study aims to identify the employability skill gaps faced by individuals and analyze the expectations of key stakeholders, including parents and employers, regarding career readiness. Using a mixed-method design, this study incorporated a literature review, semi-structured interviews with 23 individuals with ASD, ID, and ASD with ID, and questionnaires completed by 31 stakeholders. Employability skills were analyzed across eight domains inspired by Rosenberg's 46-skills framework. The results indicate that, while individuals show strength in work ethics and interpersonal skills, they experience major deficits in management, systematic thinking, and technology use. Stakeholders emphasize the importance of developing social skills, fostering independence, and gaining exposure to real-world work environments. Self-employment is often chosen out of necessity because of workplace stigma and a lack of support. These findings underscore the urgent need for an inclusive, individualized, skills-based career education curriculum that aligns with the local work culture and socioeconomic contexts. This study provides a foundation for future research and underscored the value of stakeholder-driven approaches to bridge the school-to-work transition gap for individuals with ASD and/or ID in Indonesia.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2026
Accession Number: EJ1493984
Database: ERIC
FullText Text:
  Availability: 0
CustomLinks:
  – Url: https://eric.ed.gov/contentdelivery/servlet/ERICServlet?accno=EJ1493984
    Name: ERIC Full Text
    Category: fullText
    Text: Full Text from ERIC
Header DbId: eric
DbLabel: ERIC
An: EJ1493984
AccessLevel: 3
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
PreciseRelevancyScore: 0
IllustrationInfo
Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Employability Skills for Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder/Intellectual Disabilities: Gaps and Expectations
– Name: Language
  Label: Language
  Group: Lang
  Data: English
– Name: Author
  Label: Authors
  Group: Au
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lisfatul+Fatinah%22">Lisfatul Fatinah</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hiroki+Yoneda%22">Hiroki Yoneda</searchLink>
– Name: TitleSource
  Label: Source
  Group: Src
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22IAFOR+Journal+of+Education%22"><i>IAFOR Journal of Education</i></searchLink>. 2025 13(3):437-466.
– Name: Avail
  Label: Availability
  Group: Avail
  Data: International Academic Forum. Sakae 1-16-26 - 201 Naka Ward, Nagoya Aichi, Japan 460-0008. Tel: +81-50-5806-3184; Web site: http://iafor.org
– Name: PeerReviewed
  Label: Peer Reviewed
  Group: SrcInfo
  Data: Y
– Name: Pages
  Label: Page Count
  Group: Src
  Data: 30
– Name: DatePubCY
  Label: Publication Date
  Group: Date
  Data: 2025
– Name: TypeDocument
  Label: Document Type
  Group: TypDoc
  Data: Journal Articles<br />Reports - Research
– Name: Subject
  Label: Descriptors
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Autism+Spectrum+Disorders%22">Autism Spectrum Disorders</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Intellectual+Disability%22">Intellectual Disability</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Job+Skills%22">Job Skills</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Employment+Qualifications%22">Employment Qualifications</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Barriers%22">Barriers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Stakeholders%22">Stakeholders</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Attitudes%22">Attitudes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Parent+Attitudes%22">Parent Attitudes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Employer+Attitudes%22">Employer Attitudes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Job+Training%22">Job Training</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Career+and+Technical+Education%22">Career and Technical Education</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Foreign+Countries%22">Foreign Countries</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Social+Bias%22">Social Bias</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Attitudes+toward+Disabilities%22">Attitudes toward Disabilities</searchLink>
– Name: Subject
  Label: Geographic Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Indonesia%22">Indonesia</searchLink>
– Name: ISSN
  Label: ISSN
  Group: ISSN
  Data: 2187-0594
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and/or intellectual disability (ID) in Indonesia face persistent barriers to meaningful employment despite completing post-secondary education (PSE). The absence of structured, inclusive career education tailored to their needs contributes to high rates of unemployment and underemployment among this population. This study aims to identify the employability skill gaps faced by individuals and analyze the expectations of key stakeholders, including parents and employers, regarding career readiness. Using a mixed-method design, this study incorporated a literature review, semi-structured interviews with 23 individuals with ASD, ID, and ASD with ID, and questionnaires completed by 31 stakeholders. Employability skills were analyzed across eight domains inspired by Rosenberg's 46-skills framework. The results indicate that, while individuals show strength in work ethics and interpersonal skills, they experience major deficits in management, systematic thinking, and technology use. Stakeholders emphasize the importance of developing social skills, fostering independence, and gaining exposure to real-world work environments. Self-employment is often chosen out of necessity because of workplace stigma and a lack of support. These findings underscore the urgent need for an inclusive, individualized, skills-based career education curriculum that aligns with the local work culture and socioeconomic contexts. This study provides a foundation for future research and underscored the value of stakeholder-driven approaches to bridge the school-to-work transition gap for individuals with ASD and/or ID in Indonesia.
– Name: AbstractInfo
  Label: Abstractor
  Group: Ab
  Data: As Provided
– Name: DateEntry
  Label: Entry Date
  Group: Date
  Data: 2026
– Name: AN
  Label: Accession Number
  Group: ID
  Data: EJ1493984
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=eric&AN=EJ1493984
RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Languages:
      – Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 30
        StartPage: 437
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Autism Spectrum Disorders
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Intellectual Disability
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Job Skills
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Employment Qualifications
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Barriers
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Stakeholders
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Attitudes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Parent Attitudes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Employer Attitudes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Job Training
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Career and Technical Education
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Foreign Countries
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Social Bias
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Attitudes toward Disabilities
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Indonesia
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Employability Skills for Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder/Intellectual Disabilities: Gaps and Expectations
        Type: main
  BibRelationships:
    HasContributorRelationships:
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Lisfatul Fatinah
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Hiroki Yoneda
    IsPartOfRelationships:
      – BibEntity:
          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 01
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
          Identifiers:
            – Type: issn-electronic
              Value: 2187-0594
          Numbering:
            – Type: volume
              Value: 13
            – Type: issue
              Value: 3
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: IAFOR Journal of Education
              Type: main
ResultId 1