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Digital Intelligence Child Scale Validity and Reliability Study

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Title: Digital Intelligence Child Scale Validity and Reliability Study
Language: English
Authors: Mahmut Ünal (ORCID 0000-0001-8003-8356), Adalet Kandir (ORCID 0000-0002-9917-2587)
Source: Journal of Learning and Teaching in Digital Age. 2026 11(1):70-83.
Availability: Journal of Learning and Teaching in Digital Age. Gazi University, Gazi Faculty of Education, Department of Computer and Instructional Technologies Teaching, Bosna Building Room 430, Yenimahalle, Ankara, Turkey 06500. e-mail: joltida.info@gmail.com; Web site: https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/joltida
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 14
Publication Date: 2026
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Education Level: Early Childhood Education
Elementary Education
Kindergarten
Primary Education
Descriptors: Test Validity, Test Reliability, Digital Literacy, Children, Intelligence, Foreign Countries, Literacy, Kindergarten, Young Children, Preschool Children, Parent Child Relationship, Measures (Individuals), Child Development, Elementary School Students
Geographic Terms: Turkey (Ankara)
ISSN: 2458-8350
Abstract: The study focused on examining the validity and reliability of the 'Digital Intelligence Child Scale.' The general screening model was used to test the validity and reliability of the scales organized as "Digital Intelligence Level 1 Child Scale" for illiterate children and "Digital Intelligence Level 2 Child Scale" for literate children. The sample of the study consisted of parents of 979 children aged 4-5 with typical development and 6-8 who were literate and attending kindergartens/preschools and primary schools affiliated with the Ministry of National Education in the city center of Ankara during the spring term of the 2021-2022 academic year and the autumn term of the 2022-2023 academic year. Following the analyses related to scope and validity, two scales were derived: the 'Digital Intelligence Level 1 Children's Scale' with 29 items and 4 subdimensions, and the 'Digital Intelligence Level 2 Children's Scale' with 44 items and 7 subdimensions. The four-factor structure identified for the Digital Intelligence Level 1 Children's Scale accounted for 66.83% of the total variance, while the seven-factor structure determined for the Digital Intelligence Level 2 Children's Scale explained 71.46% of the total variance. According to the confirmatory factor analysis, the CFI value was found to be 0.97 and the NFI value was found to be 0.93 for the Digital Intelligence Level 1 Children's Scale, while the CFI value was found to be 0.98 and the NFI value was found to be 0.97 in the Digital Intelligence Level 2 Children's Scale. To assess the reliability of the scales, Cronbach's alpha coefficients were calculated and found to be 0.94 for the Digital Intelligence Level 1 Children's Scale and 0.96 for the Digital Intelligence Level 2 Children's Scale. Accordingly, the 'Digital Intelligence Level 1 Child Scale' and the 'Digital Intelligence Level 2 Child Scale' were concluded to be both valid and reliable.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2026
Accession Number: EJ1495400
Database: ERIC
FullText Text:
  Availability: 0
CustomLinks:
  – Url: https://eric.ed.gov/contentdelivery/servlet/ERICServlet?accno=EJ1495400
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PubType: Academic Journal
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IllustrationInfo
Items – Name: Title
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  Data: Digital Intelligence Child Scale Validity and Reliability Study
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  Label: Language
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  Data: English
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mahmut+Ünal%22">Mahmut Ünal</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8003-8356">0000-0001-8003-8356</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Adalet+Kandir%22">Adalet Kandir</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9917-2587">0000-0002-9917-2587</externalLink>)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22Journal+of+Learning+and+Teaching+in+Digital+Age%22"><i>Journal of Learning and Teaching in Digital Age</i></searchLink>. 2026 11(1):70-83.
– Name: Avail
  Label: Availability
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  Data: Journal of Learning and Teaching in Digital Age. Gazi University, Gazi Faculty of Education, Department of Computer and Instructional Technologies Teaching, Bosna Building Room 430, Yenimahalle, Ankara, Turkey 06500. e-mail: joltida.info@gmail.com; Web site: https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/joltida
– Name: PeerReviewed
  Label: Peer Reviewed
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  Data: Y
– Name: Pages
  Label: Page Count
  Group: Src
  Data: 14
– Name: DatePubCY
  Label: Publication Date
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  Data: 2026
– Name: TypeDocument
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  Data: Journal Articles<br />Reports - Research
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  Label: Education Level
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22Early+Childhood+Education%22">Early Childhood Education</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22Elementary+Education%22">Elementary Education</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22Kindergarten%22">Kindergarten</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22Primary+Education%22">Primary Education</searchLink>
– Name: Subject
  Label: Descriptors
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Test+Validity%22">Test Validity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Test+Reliability%22">Test Reliability</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Digital+Literacy%22">Digital Literacy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Children%22">Children</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Intelligence%22">Intelligence</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Foreign+Countries%22">Foreign Countries</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Literacy%22">Literacy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Kindergarten%22">Kindergarten</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Young+Children%22">Young Children</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Preschool+Children%22">Preschool Children</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Parent+Child+Relationship%22">Parent Child Relationship</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Measures+%28Individuals%29%22">Measures (Individuals)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Child+Development%22">Child Development</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Elementary+School+Students%22">Elementary School Students</searchLink>
– Name: Subject
  Label: Geographic Terms
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Turkey+%28Ankara%29%22">Turkey (Ankara)</searchLink>
– Name: ISSN
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  Data: 2458-8350
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: The study focused on examining the validity and reliability of the 'Digital Intelligence Child Scale.' The general screening model was used to test the validity and reliability of the scales organized as "Digital Intelligence Level 1 Child Scale" for illiterate children and "Digital Intelligence Level 2 Child Scale" for literate children. The sample of the study consisted of parents of 979 children aged 4-5 with typical development and 6-8 who were literate and attending kindergartens/preschools and primary schools affiliated with the Ministry of National Education in the city center of Ankara during the spring term of the 2021-2022 academic year and the autumn term of the 2022-2023 academic year. Following the analyses related to scope and validity, two scales were derived: the 'Digital Intelligence Level 1 Children's Scale' with 29 items and 4 subdimensions, and the 'Digital Intelligence Level 2 Children's Scale' with 44 items and 7 subdimensions. The four-factor structure identified for the Digital Intelligence Level 1 Children's Scale accounted for 66.83% of the total variance, while the seven-factor structure determined for the Digital Intelligence Level 2 Children's Scale explained 71.46% of the total variance. According to the confirmatory factor analysis, the CFI value was found to be 0.97 and the NFI value was found to be 0.93 for the Digital Intelligence Level 1 Children's Scale, while the CFI value was found to be 0.98 and the NFI value was found to be 0.97 in the Digital Intelligence Level 2 Children's Scale. To assess the reliability of the scales, Cronbach's alpha coefficients were calculated and found to be 0.94 for the Digital Intelligence Level 1 Children's Scale and 0.96 for the Digital Intelligence Level 2 Children's Scale. Accordingly, the 'Digital Intelligence Level 1 Child Scale' and the 'Digital Intelligence Level 2 Child Scale' were concluded to be both valid and reliable.
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  Label: Abstractor
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  Data: As Provided
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  Data: 2026
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  Data: EJ1495400
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Languages:
      – Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 14
        StartPage: 70
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Test Validity
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Test Reliability
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Digital Literacy
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Children
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Intelligence
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Foreign Countries
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Literacy
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Kindergarten
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Young Children
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Preschool Children
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Parent Child Relationship
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Measures (Individuals)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Child Development
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Elementary School Students
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Turkey (Ankara)
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Digital Intelligence Child Scale Validity and Reliability Study
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          Name:
            NameFull: Mahmut Ünal
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            NameFull: Adalet Kandir
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            – D: 01
              M: 01
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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              Value: 2458-8350
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              Value: 11
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            – TitleFull: Journal of Learning and Teaching in Digital Age
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