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Measuring AI-Giarism: A Validation Study and Dimensional Exploration of the Scale in Turkish

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Title: Measuring AI-Giarism: A Validation Study and Dimensional Exploration of the Scale in Turkish
Language: English
Authors: Sahin Gökçearslan (ORCID 0000-0003-3532-4251), Filiz Mumcu (ORCID 0000-0001-9371-6734), Thomas Chiu (ORCID 0000-0003-2887-5477), Zsolt Lavicza (ORCID 0000-0002-3701-5068)
Source: Journal of Learning and Teaching in Digital Age. 2026 11(1):111-118.
Availability: Journal of Learning and Teaching in Digital Age. Gazi University, Gazi Faculty of Education, Department of Computer and Instructional Technologies Teaching, Bosna Building Room 430, Yenimahalle, Ankara, Turkey 06500. e-mail: joltida.info@gmail.com; Web site: https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/joltida
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 8
Publication Date: 2026
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Tests/Questionnaires
Education Level: Higher Education
Postsecondary Education
Descriptors: Turkish, Measures (Individuals), Test Validity, Test Reliability, College Students, Universities, Artificial Intelligence, Plagiarism, Student Attitudes, Technology Uses in Education, Student Behavior, Foreign Countries
Geographic Terms: Turkey
ISSN: 2458-8350
Abstract: The study's scope includes adapting and validating the AI-giarism scale, developed by Chan (2024), into Turkish and conducting analyses to assess its validity and reliability. The study examined the perceptions of 426 university students towards AI-assisted academic misconduct. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) revealed a three-factor structure for the scale: 'Plagiaristic AI use', 'AI-augmented writing', and 'No AI reliance', accounting for 59.7% of the total variance. Confirmatory analyses revealed that the three-factor structure provided a good fit to the data, with the scale items loading significantly onto their respective factors. The model fit indices were adequate. Reliability analyses showed that Cronbach's alpha values ranged between 0.63 and 0.91, with discrimination between factors achieved. Additionally, no significant difference in AI-giarism level was obtained according to gender. This instrument provides a valid and reliable means of measuring university students' perceptions towards the ethical use of AI in academia. The scale is a valid and reliable assessment tool, particularly for distinguishing students' attitudes towards the unethical, ethical and limited use of AI.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2026
Accession Number: EJ1495404
Database: ERIC
FullText Text:
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  Data: Measuring AI-Giarism: A Validation Study and Dimensional Exploration of the Scale in Turkish
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sahin+Gökçearslan%22">Sahin Gökçearslan</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3532-4251">0000-0003-3532-4251</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Filiz+Mumcu%22">Filiz Mumcu</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9371-6734">0000-0001-9371-6734</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Thomas+Chiu%22">Thomas Chiu</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2887-5477">0000-0003-2887-5477</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zsolt+Lavicza%22">Zsolt Lavicza</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3701-5068">0000-0002-3701-5068</externalLink>)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22Journal+of+Learning+and+Teaching+in+Digital+Age%22"><i>Journal of Learning and Teaching in Digital Age</i></searchLink>. 2026 11(1):111-118.
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  Data: Journal of Learning and Teaching in Digital Age. Gazi University, Gazi Faculty of Education, Department of Computer and Instructional Technologies Teaching, Bosna Building Room 430, Yenimahalle, Ankara, Turkey 06500. e-mail: joltida.info@gmail.com; Web site: https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/joltida
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Turkish%22">Turkish</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Measures+%28Individuals%29%22">Measures (Individuals)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Test+Validity%22">Test Validity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Test+Reliability%22">Test Reliability</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22College+Students%22">College Students</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Universities%22">Universities</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Artificial+Intelligence%22">Artificial Intelligence</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Plagiarism%22">Plagiarism</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Student+Attitudes%22">Student Attitudes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Technology+Uses+in+Education%22">Technology Uses in Education</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Student+Behavior%22">Student Behavior</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Foreign+Countries%22">Foreign Countries</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Turkey%22">Turkey</searchLink>
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  Data: The study's scope includes adapting and validating the AI-giarism scale, developed by Chan (2024), into Turkish and conducting analyses to assess its validity and reliability. The study examined the perceptions of 426 university students towards AI-assisted academic misconduct. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) revealed a three-factor structure for the scale: 'Plagiaristic AI use', 'AI-augmented writing', and 'No AI reliance', accounting for 59.7% of the total variance. Confirmatory analyses revealed that the three-factor structure provided a good fit to the data, with the scale items loading significantly onto their respective factors. The model fit indices were adequate. Reliability analyses showed that Cronbach's alpha values ranged between 0.63 and 0.91, with discrimination between factors achieved. Additionally, no significant difference in AI-giarism level was obtained according to gender. This instrument provides a valid and reliable means of measuring university students' perceptions towards the ethical use of AI in academia. The scale is a valid and reliable assessment tool, particularly for distinguishing students' attitudes towards the unethical, ethical and limited use of AI.
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  Data: EJ1495404
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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    Languages:
      – Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 8
        StartPage: 111
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Turkish
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Measures (Individuals)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Test Validity
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      – SubjectFull: Test Reliability
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      – SubjectFull: College Students
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      – SubjectFull: Universities
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Artificial Intelligence
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Plagiarism
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Student Attitudes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Technology Uses in Education
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Student Behavior
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Foreign Countries
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      – SubjectFull: Turkey
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    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Measuring AI-Giarism: A Validation Study and Dimensional Exploration of the Scale in Turkish
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