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Enhancing Critical Thinking in Physics Education: Developing an Arduino-Based GMC as an Innovative Learning Tool

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Title: Enhancing Critical Thinking in Physics Education: Developing an Arduino-Based GMC as an Innovative Learning Tool
Language: English
Authors: Matsun (ORCID 0000-0002-6863-5454), Adi Pramuda (ORCID 0000-0001-8401-3359), Soka Hadiati (ORCID 0000-0002-4945-8835), Hendrik Pratama (ORCID 0000-0001-5463-8147)
Source: Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn). 2026 20(1):578-589.
Availability: Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science. C5 Plumbon, Banguntapan, Yogyakarta, 55198, Indonesia. e-mail: edulearn@uad.ac.id; Web site: http://edulearn.intelektual.org/index.php/EduLearn/
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 12
Publication Date: 2026
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Education Level: Higher Education
Postsecondary Education
Descriptors: Critical Thinking, Physics, Instructional Innovation, Instructional Materials, Foreign Countries, Radiation, Universities, College Students, Teaching Methods, College Science, Technology Uses in Education, Science Instruction
Geographic Terms: Indonesia
ISSN: 2089-9823
2302-9277
Abstract: This research explores the development and innovative implementation of an Arduino Uno-based Geiger-Muller counter (GMC) as a physics learning tool designed to enhance students' critical thinking skills. The aim was to address the gap in effective educational media in teaching radioactivity materials. This research used the analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation (ADDIE) model, which includes the analysis, design, implementation development, and evaluation stages. The sample of this study involved 165 students at University of PGRI Pontianak, using a pre-experimental design with one pretest-posttest group. Validation by experts and feedback from students confirmed the high validity and effectiveness of the media, with significant improvements seen in critical thinking indicators such as evaluation, analysis, interpretation, and inference. The use of real-world materials, including red Borneo agate testing, provided a practical context that enriched the learning experience. Although there was no control group, the findings suggest that integrating hands-on technology-based tools into physics education can significantly improve students' critical thinking skills. This study contributes to the growing literature on educational innovation, offering practical solutions to improve critical thinking in science education through interactive and contextually relevant learning media.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2026
Accession Number: EJ1495446
Database: ERIC
FullText Text:
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  Data: Enhancing Critical Thinking in Physics Education: Developing an Arduino-Based GMC as an Innovative Learning Tool
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Matsun%22">Matsun</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6863-5454">0000-0002-6863-5454</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Adi+Pramuda%22">Adi Pramuda</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8401-3359">0000-0001-8401-3359</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Soka+Hadiati%22">Soka Hadiati</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4945-8835">0000-0002-4945-8835</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hendrik+Pratama%22">Hendrik Pratama</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5463-8147">0000-0001-5463-8147</externalLink>)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22Journal+of+Education+and+Learning+%28EduLearn%29%22"><i>Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn)</i></searchLink>. 2026 20(1):578-589.
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  Data: Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science. C5 Plumbon, Banguntapan, Yogyakarta, 55198, Indonesia. e-mail: edulearn@uad.ac.id; Web site: http://edulearn.intelektual.org/index.php/EduLearn/
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Critical+Thinking%22">Critical Thinking</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Physics%22">Physics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Instructional+Innovation%22">Instructional Innovation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Instructional+Materials%22">Instructional Materials</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Foreign+Countries%22">Foreign Countries</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Radiation%22">Radiation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Universities%22">Universities</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22College+Students%22">College Students</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Teaching+Methods%22">Teaching Methods</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22College+Science%22">College Science</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Technology+Uses+in+Education%22">Technology Uses in Education</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Science+Instruction%22">Science Instruction</searchLink>
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  Data: 2089-9823<br />2302-9277
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  Data: This research explores the development and innovative implementation of an Arduino Uno-based Geiger-Muller counter (GMC) as a physics learning tool designed to enhance students' critical thinking skills. The aim was to address the gap in effective educational media in teaching radioactivity materials. This research used the analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation (ADDIE) model, which includes the analysis, design, implementation development, and evaluation stages. The sample of this study involved 165 students at University of PGRI Pontianak, using a pre-experimental design with one pretest-posttest group. Validation by experts and feedback from students confirmed the high validity and effectiveness of the media, with significant improvements seen in critical thinking indicators such as evaluation, analysis, interpretation, and inference. The use of real-world materials, including red Borneo agate testing, provided a practical context that enriched the learning experience. Although there was no control group, the findings suggest that integrating hands-on technology-based tools into physics education can significantly improve students' critical thinking skills. This study contributes to the growing literature on educational innovation, offering practical solutions to improve critical thinking in science education through interactive and contextually relevant learning media.
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  Data: EJ1495446
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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    Languages:
      – Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 12
        StartPage: 578
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Critical Thinking
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Physics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Instructional Innovation
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      – SubjectFull: Instructional Materials
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      – SubjectFull: Foreign Countries
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      – SubjectFull: Radiation
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      – SubjectFull: Universities
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: College Students
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      – SubjectFull: Teaching Methods
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      – SubjectFull: College Science
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Technology Uses in Education
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      – SubjectFull: Science Instruction
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      – SubjectFull: Indonesia
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    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Enhancing Critical Thinking in Physics Education: Developing an Arduino-Based GMC as an Innovative Learning Tool
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