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Effectiveness of Automated Corrective Feedback on EFL Learners' Writing Proficiency and Perception

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Title: Effectiveness of Automated Corrective Feedback on EFL Learners' Writing Proficiency and Perception
Language: English
Authors: Hui-Fang Shang (ORCID 0000-0002-2481-9454)
Source: Asia Pacific Journal of Education. 2026 46(1):305-321.
Availability: Routledge. Available from: Taylor & Francis, Ltd. 530 Walnut Street Suite 850, Philadelphia, PA 19106. Tel: 800-354-1420; Tel: 215-625-8900; Fax: 215-207-0050; Web site: http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 17
Publication Date: 2026
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Education Level: Higher Education
Postsecondary Education
Descriptors: Feedback (Response), Error Correction, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Writing Skills, Automation, Technology Uses in Education, Revision (Written Composition), Value Judgment, Program Effectiveness, Predictor Variables, Majors (Students), College Freshmen, Foreign Countries
Geographic Terms: Taiwan
DOI: 10.1080/02188791.2024.2347318
ISSN: 0218-8791
1742-6855
Abstract: With the advancement of computer technology, an automated corrective feedback (ACF) system has been developed to provide immediate feedback for self-corrections to improve learners' writing quality. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impacts of students' writing behaviour, number of revisions, and perceived usefulness of the ACF system on EFL students' writing performance. The study used a pre-test/post-test experimental design with convenience sampling. The pre-test, post-test, and three writing tasks were administered to 121 participants in the experimental and control groups, with t-tests and multiple regression analysis used. Results indicated that the experimental group outperformed the control group after ACF intervention. The writing behaviours were significantly correlated with the perceived usefulness of the ACF application. Only drafting behaviour was found to be a significant predictor of ACF perceived usefulness. However, no significant relationships were found between the number of submissions, perceived usefulness of ACF, and writing behaviour and student writing performance. Based on the findings of the investigation, pedagogical implications, limitations, and future research directions were identified and discussed.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2026
Accession Number: EJ1495462
Database: ERIC
FullText Text:
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  Data: Effectiveness of Automated Corrective Feedback on EFL Learners' Writing Proficiency and Perception
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hui-Fang+Shang%22">Hui-Fang Shang</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2481-9454">0000-0002-2481-9454</externalLink>)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22Asia+Pacific+Journal+of+Education%22"><i>Asia Pacific Journal of Education</i></searchLink>. 2026 46(1):305-321.
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  Data: Routledge. Available from: Taylor & Francis, Ltd. 530 Walnut Street Suite 850, Philadelphia, PA 19106. Tel: 800-354-1420; Tel: 215-625-8900; Fax: 215-207-0050; Web site: http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals
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  Data: Y
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  Data: 17
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  Data: Journal Articles<br />Reports - Research
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Feedback+%28Response%29%22">Feedback (Response)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Error+Correction%22">Error Correction</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22English+%28Second+Language%29%22">English (Second Language)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Second+Language+Learning%22">Second Language Learning</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Writing+Skills%22">Writing Skills</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Automation%22">Automation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Technology+Uses+in+Education%22">Technology Uses in Education</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Revision+%28Written+Composition%29%22">Revision (Written Composition)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Value+Judgment%22">Value Judgment</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Program+Effectiveness%22">Program Effectiveness</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Predictor+Variables%22">Predictor Variables</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Majors+%28Students%29%22">Majors (Students)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22College+Freshmen%22">College Freshmen</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Foreign+Countries%22">Foreign Countries</searchLink>
– Name: Subject
  Label: Geographic Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Taiwan%22">Taiwan</searchLink>
– Name: DOI
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  Group: ID
  Data: 10.1080/02188791.2024.2347318
– Name: ISSN
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  Data: 0218-8791<br />1742-6855
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: With the advancement of computer technology, an automated corrective feedback (ACF) system has been developed to provide immediate feedback for self-corrections to improve learners' writing quality. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impacts of students' writing behaviour, number of revisions, and perceived usefulness of the ACF system on EFL students' writing performance. The study used a pre-test/post-test experimental design with convenience sampling. The pre-test, post-test, and three writing tasks were administered to 121 participants in the experimental and control groups, with t-tests and multiple regression analysis used. Results indicated that the experimental group outperformed the control group after ACF intervention. The writing behaviours were significantly correlated with the perceived usefulness of the ACF application. Only drafting behaviour was found to be a significant predictor of ACF perceived usefulness. However, no significant relationships were found between the number of submissions, perceived usefulness of ACF, and writing behaviour and student writing performance. Based on the findings of the investigation, pedagogical implications, limitations, and future research directions were identified and discussed.
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  Data: 2026
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  Data: EJ1495462
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        Value: 10.1080/02188791.2024.2347318
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      – Text: English
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        PageCount: 17
        StartPage: 305
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      – SubjectFull: Feedback (Response)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Error Correction
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: English (Second Language)
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      – SubjectFull: Second Language Learning
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      – SubjectFull: Writing Skills
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      – SubjectFull: Automation
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      – SubjectFull: Technology Uses in Education
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Revision (Written Composition)
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      – SubjectFull: Value Judgment
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      – SubjectFull: Program Effectiveness
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      – SubjectFull: Predictor Variables
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      – SubjectFull: Foreign Countries
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      – SubjectFull: Taiwan
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