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The Effects of Stimuli Format on a Computer-Based Decoding Task

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Title: The Effects of Stimuli Format on a Computer-Based Decoding Task
Language: English
Authors: Amanda M. Kern (ORCID 0000-0001-8623-9474), Michelle K. Hosp, John Hosp (ORCID 0000-0003-4172-4745), Amanda M. Marcotte (ORCID 0000-0002-9724-5252), Derek B. Rodgers (ORCID 0000-0001-8696-1758)
Source: Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation. 2026 31(1).
Availability: University of Massachusetts Amherst Libraries. 154 Hicks Way, Amherst, MA 01003. e-mail: pare@umass.edu; Web site: https://openpublishing.library.umass.edu/pare/
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 12
Publication Date: 2026
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Education Level: Early Childhood Education
Elementary Education
Grade 2
Primary Education
Descriptors: Stimuli, Grade 2, Decoding (Reading), Computer Assisted Testing, Test Format, Responses, Accuracy, Beginning Reading, Student Evaluation, Reading Tests, Preferences
ISSN: 1531-7714
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of test format (i.e., layout of stimuli) on the accuracy and response rate performance of emerging readers on a computer-based nonsense word reading task. Fifty-three second graders completed a modified nonsense word fluency (NWF) task with stimuli presented in five different formats. Format variations included column and row layouts, as well as differences in the number of stimuli. Results from nonparametric comparisons showed there are statistically significant performance differences between test formats for both accuracy and response rate score metrics. Follow-up comparisons show that response rate score metrics appear to be more influenced by test format than accuracy score metrics, and the number of stimuli presented at a time appears to have a significant effect on student performance. Implications for the role of response rate in test development and future research are discussed.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2026
Accession Number: EJ1495828
Database: ERIC
FullText Text:
  Availability: 0
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  Data: The Effects of Stimuli Format on a Computer-Based Decoding Task
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Amanda+M%2E+Kern%22">Amanda M. Kern</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8623-9474">0000-0001-8623-9474</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Michelle+K%2E+Hosp%22">Michelle K. Hosp</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22John+Hosp%22">John Hosp</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4172-4745">0000-0003-4172-4745</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Amanda+M%2E+Marcotte%22">Amanda M. Marcotte</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9724-5252">0000-0002-9724-5252</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Derek+B%2E+Rodgers%22">Derek B. Rodgers</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8696-1758">0000-0001-8696-1758</externalLink>)
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  Data: University of Massachusetts Amherst Libraries. 154 Hicks Way, Amherst, MA 01003. e-mail: pare@umass.edu; Web site: https://openpublishing.library.umass.edu/pare/
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  Data: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of test format (i.e., layout of stimuli) on the accuracy and response rate performance of emerging readers on a computer-based nonsense word reading task. Fifty-three second graders completed a modified nonsense word fluency (NWF) task with stimuli presented in five different formats. Format variations included column and row layouts, as well as differences in the number of stimuli. Results from nonparametric comparisons showed there are statistically significant performance differences between test formats for both accuracy and response rate score metrics. Follow-up comparisons show that response rate score metrics appear to be more influenced by test format than accuracy score metrics, and the number of stimuli presented at a time appears to have a significant effect on student performance. Implications for the role of response rate in test development and future research are discussed.
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  Data: EJ1495828
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      – Text: English
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        PageCount: 12
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      – SubjectFull: Stimuli
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Grade 2
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Decoding (Reading)
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      – SubjectFull: Computer Assisted Testing
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      – SubjectFull: Test Format
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      – SubjectFull: Responses
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      – SubjectFull: Accuracy
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      – SubjectFull: Beginning Reading
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      – SubjectFull: Student Evaluation
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      – SubjectFull: Reading Tests
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      – SubjectFull: Preferences
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      – TitleFull: The Effects of Stimuli Format on a Computer-Based Decoding Task
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