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Extending the UTAUT Model with External Variables in Inclusive Schools: An Analysis of Teacher Satisfaction and AI-STEM Use Using SEM and ANN Models

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Title: Extending the UTAUT Model with External Variables in Inclusive Schools: An Analysis of Teacher Satisfaction and AI-STEM Use Using SEM and ANN Models
Language: English
Authors: I Wayan Sumandya (ORCID 0000-0002-5980-0649), I Wayan Widana, A. A. Istri Mirah Dharmadewi, Gde Iwan Setiawan, Akhmad Habibi (ORCID 0000-0001-7687-2858), Robi Hendra (ORCID 0000-0002-2471-3107)
Source: Open Education Studies. 2026 8(1).
Availability: De Gruyter. Available from: Walter de Gruyter, Inc. 121 High Street, Third Floor, Boston, MA 02110. Tel: 857-284-7073; Fax: 857-284-7358; e-mail: service@degruyter.com; Web site: http://www.degruyter.com
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 18
Publication Date: 2026
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, STEM Education, Teacher Attitudes, Artificial Intelligence, Inclusion, Technology Uses in Education, Technology Integration, Digital Literacy, Computer Attitudes, Satisfaction, Teachers, Self Efficacy, Expectation
Geographic Terms: Indonesia
DOI: 10.1515/edu-2025-0126
ISSN: 2544-7831
Abstract: This study investigates teacher satisfaction and the adoption of AI in inclusive STEM education in Indonesia. Despite the growing emphasis on AI integration in schools, there is a lack of studies on the specific issues of inclusive education for instructors and students. Out of 50,000 people, a statistically viable sample of 1,004 inclusive school teachers and students responded. SEM and ANN are used to analyse linear and nonlinear correlations between digital culture, facilitating conditions, AI literacy, and performance expectancy. SEM research indicates that digital culture, conducive environments, AI literacy, and performance expectancy all contribute to improved teacher satisfaction, with digital culture being the most significant factor. The ANN analysis emphasizes digital culture and institutional support, ranking each predictor. These findings indicate that organizational readiness and AI literacy are more crucial than ease of use or social influence for the adoption of AI. The study emphasizes the importance of a supportive digital environment and tailored AI literacy programs to enhance teacher satisfaction and facilitate the sustainable integration of AI in inclusive STEM classrooms. Policymakers and educational leaders seeking digital transformation and equity in education should consider institutional and cultural measures to support teachers in the AI-driven learning age.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2026
Accession Number: EJ1495920
Database: ERIC
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  Data: Extending the UTAUT Model with External Variables in Inclusive Schools: An Analysis of Teacher Satisfaction and AI-STEM Use Using SEM and ANN Models
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22I+Wayan+Sumandya%22">I Wayan Sumandya</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5980-0649">0000-0002-5980-0649</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22I+Wayan+Widana%22">I Wayan Widana</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22A%2E+A%2E+Istri+Mirah+Dharmadewi%22">A. A. Istri Mirah Dharmadewi</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gde+Iwan+Setiawan%22">Gde Iwan Setiawan</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Akhmad+Habibi%22">Akhmad Habibi</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7687-2858">0000-0001-7687-2858</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Robi+Hendra%22">Robi Hendra</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2471-3107">0000-0002-2471-3107</externalLink>)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22Open+Education+Studies%22"><i>Open Education Studies</i></searchLink>. 2026 8(1).
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  Label: Availability
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  Data: De Gruyter. Available from: Walter de Gruyter, Inc. 121 High Street, Third Floor, Boston, MA 02110. Tel: 857-284-7073; Fax: 857-284-7358; e-mail: service@degruyter.com; Web site: http://www.degruyter.com
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  Data: 18
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  Data: Journal Articles<br />Reports - Research
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Foreign+Countries%22">Foreign Countries</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22STEM+Education%22">STEM Education</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Teacher+Attitudes%22">Teacher Attitudes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Artificial+Intelligence%22">Artificial Intelligence</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Inclusion%22">Inclusion</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Technology+Uses+in+Education%22">Technology Uses in Education</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Technology+Integration%22">Technology Integration</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Digital+Literacy%22">Digital Literacy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Computer+Attitudes%22">Computer Attitudes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Satisfaction%22">Satisfaction</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Teachers%22">Teachers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Self+Efficacy%22">Self Efficacy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Expectation%22">Expectation</searchLink>
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  Label: Geographic Terms
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Indonesia%22">Indonesia</searchLink>
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  Data: 10.1515/edu-2025-0126
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  Data: 2544-7831
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  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: This study investigates teacher satisfaction and the adoption of AI in inclusive STEM education in Indonesia. Despite the growing emphasis on AI integration in schools, there is a lack of studies on the specific issues of inclusive education for instructors and students. Out of 50,000 people, a statistically viable sample of 1,004 inclusive school teachers and students responded. SEM and ANN are used to analyse linear and nonlinear correlations between digital culture, facilitating conditions, AI literacy, and performance expectancy. SEM research indicates that digital culture, conducive environments, AI literacy, and performance expectancy all contribute to improved teacher satisfaction, with digital culture being the most significant factor. The ANN analysis emphasizes digital culture and institutional support, ranking each predictor. These findings indicate that organizational readiness and AI literacy are more crucial than ease of use or social influence for the adoption of AI. The study emphasizes the importance of a supportive digital environment and tailored AI literacy programs to enhance teacher satisfaction and facilitate the sustainable integration of AI in inclusive STEM classrooms. Policymakers and educational leaders seeking digital transformation and equity in education should consider institutional and cultural measures to support teachers in the AI-driven learning age.
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  Data: 2026
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  Data: EJ1495920
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        Value: 10.1515/edu-2025-0126
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      – Text: English
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        PageCount: 18
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Foreign Countries
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: STEM Education
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Teacher Attitudes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Artificial Intelligence
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Inclusion
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      – SubjectFull: Technology Uses in Education
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      – SubjectFull: Digital Literacy
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      – SubjectFull: Computer Attitudes
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      – SubjectFull: Satisfaction
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      – SubjectFull: Teachers
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      – SubjectFull: Self Efficacy
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      – SubjectFull: Expectation
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      – SubjectFull: Indonesia
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      – TitleFull: Extending the UTAUT Model with External Variables in Inclusive Schools: An Analysis of Teacher Satisfaction and AI-STEM Use Using SEM and ANN Models
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