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Representation of Nouns and Verbs during Play between Caregivers and Children with Language Impairment

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Title: Representation of Nouns and Verbs during Play between Caregivers and Children with Language Impairment
Language: English
Authors: Alaina Grissom (ORCID 0000-0001-8523-9368), Erinn H. Finke, Jillian H. McCarthy, Kevin J. Reilly (ORCID 0000-0002-4061-8118), Ilsa E. Schwarz, Mari Beth Coleman
Source: Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research. 2026 69(2):706-724.
Availability: American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. 2200 Research Blvd #250, Rockville, MD 20850. Tel: 301-296-5700; Fax: 301-296-8580; e-mail: slhr@asha.org; Web site: http://jslhr.pubs.asha.org
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 19
Publication Date: 2026
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Descriptors: Nouns, Verbs, Play, Nonverbal Communication, Interaction, Language Impairments, Parent Child Relationship, Language Usage, Museums, Object Manipulation, Vocabulary Development, Young Children, Language Skills
Assessment and Survey Identifiers: Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals, Goldman Fristoe Test of Articulation, Ages and Stages Questionnaires, MacArthur Bates Communicative Development Inventories
DOI: 10.1044/2025_JSLHR-24-00678
ISSN: 1092-4388
1558-9102
Abstract: Purpose: This project compared how children and caregivers use gestures and objects during play interactions and their relationship to input in the form of nouns and verbs. Observations of play interactions between children with primary or secondary language impairment and their caregivers were used to determine these connections and whether there was any differentiation in how children or caregivers used gestures and/or objects along with models of nouns and verbs within the play context. Method: Observations of parent-child dyads were recorded at a local children's museum. All dyads included children with primary or secondary language impairment between 4 and 6 years of age. The child's and caregiver's use of gestures and objects during their play interactions at the museum was coded to identify relationships between use of gestures and objects and subsequent models of nouns or verbs by caregivers. Results: Children's use of various gestures (deictic or iconic) and different forms of interaction with objects impacted the word type modeled by their caregivers. Caregivers also differentiated how they paired gestures and objects when they were presenting nouns or verbs during the interactions. Conclusions: The results of this project show that the child's gestural and object use impacts whether they are exposed to nouns or verbs. These results also show that caregivers differentiate their gestural and object use when modeling nouns and verbs. This furthers implications related to the social pragmatic theory of learning suggesting there are unique environmental factors that differentiate these word types. Clinically, these results could have implications for both training caregivers and highlighting the active role of children within these interactions.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2026
Accession Number: EJ1497159
Database: ERIC
FullText Links:
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  Data: Representation of Nouns and Verbs during Play between Caregivers and Children with Language Impairment
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  Data: English
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Alaina+Grissom%22">Alaina Grissom</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8523-9368">0000-0001-8523-9368</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Erinn+H%2E+Finke%22">Erinn H. Finke</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jillian+H%2E+McCarthy%22">Jillian H. McCarthy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kevin+J%2E+Reilly%22">Kevin J. Reilly</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4061-8118">0000-0002-4061-8118</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ilsa+E%2E+Schwarz%22">Ilsa E. Schwarz</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mari+Beth+Coleman%22">Mari Beth Coleman</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22Journal+of+Speech%2C+Language%2C+and+Hearing+Research%22"><i>Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research</i></searchLink>. 2026 69(2):706-724.
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  Label: Availability
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  Data: American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. 2200 Research Blvd #250, Rockville, MD 20850. Tel: 301-296-5700; Fax: 301-296-8580; e-mail: slhr@asha.org; Web site: http://jslhr.pubs.asha.org
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  Data: Y
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  Data: 19
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  Data: Journal Articles<br />Reports - Research
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nouns%22">Nouns</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Verbs%22">Verbs</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Play%22">Play</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nonverbal+Communication%22">Nonverbal Communication</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Interaction%22">Interaction</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Language+Impairments%22">Language Impairments</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Parent+Child+Relationship%22">Parent Child Relationship</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Language+Usage%22">Language Usage</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Museums%22">Museums</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Object+Manipulation%22">Object Manipulation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Vocabulary+Development%22">Vocabulary Development</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Young+Children%22">Young Children</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Language+Skills%22">Language Skills</searchLink>
– Name: SubjectThesaurus
  Label: Assessment and Survey Identifiers
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SU" term="%22Clinical+Evaluation+of+Language+Fundamentals%22">Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="SU" term="%22Goldman+Fristoe+Test+of+Articulation%22">Goldman Fristoe Test of Articulation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="SU" term="%22Ages+and+Stages+Questionnaires%22">Ages and Stages Questionnaires</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="SU" term="%22MacArthur+Bates+Communicative+Development+Inventories%22">MacArthur Bates Communicative Development Inventories</searchLink>
– Name: DOI
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  Data: 10.1044/2025_JSLHR-24-00678
– Name: ISSN
  Label: ISSN
  Group: ISSN
  Data: 1092-4388<br />1558-9102
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Purpose: This project compared how children and caregivers use gestures and objects during play interactions and their relationship to input in the form of nouns and verbs. Observations of play interactions between children with primary or secondary language impairment and their caregivers were used to determine these connections and whether there was any differentiation in how children or caregivers used gestures and/or objects along with models of nouns and verbs within the play context. Method: Observations of parent-child dyads were recorded at a local children's museum. All dyads included children with primary or secondary language impairment between 4 and 6 years of age. The child's and caregiver's use of gestures and objects during their play interactions at the museum was coded to identify relationships between use of gestures and objects and subsequent models of nouns or verbs by caregivers. Results: Children's use of various gestures (deictic or iconic) and different forms of interaction with objects impacted the word type modeled by their caregivers. Caregivers also differentiated how they paired gestures and objects when they were presenting nouns or verbs during the interactions. Conclusions: The results of this project show that the child's gestural and object use impacts whether they are exposed to nouns or verbs. These results also show that caregivers differentiate their gestural and object use when modeling nouns and verbs. This furthers implications related to the social pragmatic theory of learning suggesting there are unique environmental factors that differentiate these word types. Clinically, these results could have implications for both training caregivers and highlighting the active role of children within these interactions.
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  Data: As Provided
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PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=eric&AN=EJ1497159
RecordInfo BibRecord:
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1044/2025_JSLHR-24-00678
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      – Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 19
        StartPage: 706
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Nouns
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Verbs
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Play
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Nonverbal Communication
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Interaction
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Language Impairments
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Parent Child Relationship
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Language Usage
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Museums
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Object Manipulation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Vocabulary Development
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Young Children
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Language Skills
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Goldman Fristoe Test of Articulation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Ages and Stages Questionnaires
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      – SubjectFull: MacArthur Bates Communicative Development Inventories
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    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Representation of Nouns and Verbs during Play between Caregivers and Children with Language Impairment
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