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Measuring EFL Teachers' Transformational Classroom Leadership: Scale Development and Validation

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Title: Measuring EFL Teachers' Transformational Classroom Leadership: Scale Development and Validation
Language: English
Authors: Renzhong Peng (ORCID 0000-0002-3967-5369), Shiying Wang (ORCID 0000-0003-2402-0041)
Source: European Journal of Education. 2026 61(1).
Availability: Wiley. Available from: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030. Tel: 800-835-6770; e-mail: cs-journals@wiley.com; Web site: https://www.wiley.com/en-us
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 15
Publication Date: 2026
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Language Teachers, Second Language Instruction, English (Second Language), Transformational Leadership, Classroom Techniques, Teacher Evaluation, Test Construction, Test Validity, Questionnaires, Factor Analysis, Psychometrics, Teaching Methods, Teacher Motivation, Stimulation, Teacher Leadership
Geographic Terms: China
DOI: 10.1111/ejed.70500
ISSN: 0141-8211
1465-3435
Abstract: Transformational classroom leadership (TCL) has recently attracted growing attention in language education research. However, in the context of English as a foreign language (EFL) education, the underlying dimensions and measurement remain underexplored. To address this gap, the study aims to develop a scale to assess Chinese EFL teachers' TCL. Data were collected from three cohorts of Chinese EFL teachers through semi-structured interviews (n[subscript 1] = 11) and two rounds of questionnaire surveys (n[subscript 2] = 315, n[subscript 3] = 582). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported the psychometric soundness of the 26-item scale and revealed a four-factor structure of EFL teachers' transformational teaching behaviours, including idealised influence, inspirational motivation, individualised consideration, and intellectual stimulation. Among these, idealised influence was identified as the most prominent indicator of TCL. This study offers a useful tool for measuring EFL teachers' TCL and provides implications for teachers and language educators, highlighting the importance of practicing idealised influence in classroom interactions to enhance the quality of foreign language education.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2026
Accession Number: EJ1497787
Database: ERIC
FullText Text:
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  Data: Measuring EFL Teachers' Transformational Classroom Leadership: Scale Development and Validation
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  Data: English
– Name: Author
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Renzhong+Peng%22">Renzhong Peng</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3967-5369">0000-0002-3967-5369</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Shiying+Wang%22">Shiying Wang</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2402-0041">0000-0003-2402-0041</externalLink>)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22European+Journal+of+Education%22"><i>European Journal of Education</i></searchLink>. 2026 61(1).
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  Data: Wiley. Available from: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030. Tel: 800-835-6770; e-mail: cs-journals@wiley.com; Web site: https://www.wiley.com/en-us
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  Data: Y
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  Data: 15
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  Data: 2026
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  Data: Journal Articles<br />Reports - Research
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  Label: Descriptors
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Foreign+Countries%22">Foreign Countries</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Language+Teachers%22">Language Teachers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Second+Language+Instruction%22">Second Language Instruction</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22English+%28Second+Language%29%22">English (Second Language)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Transformational+Leadership%22">Transformational Leadership</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Classroom+Techniques%22">Classroom Techniques</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Teacher+Evaluation%22">Teacher Evaluation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Test+Construction%22">Test Construction</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Test+Validity%22">Test Validity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Questionnaires%22">Questionnaires</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Factor+Analysis%22">Factor Analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Psychometrics%22">Psychometrics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Teaching+Methods%22">Teaching Methods</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Teacher+Motivation%22">Teacher Motivation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Stimulation%22">Stimulation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Teacher+Leadership%22">Teacher Leadership</searchLink>
– Name: Subject
  Label: Geographic Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22China%22">China</searchLink>
– Name: DOI
  Label: DOI
  Group: ID
  Data: 10.1111/ejed.70500
– Name: ISSN
  Label: ISSN
  Group: ISSN
  Data: 0141-8211<br />1465-3435
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Transformational classroom leadership (TCL) has recently attracted growing attention in language education research. However, in the context of English as a foreign language (EFL) education, the underlying dimensions and measurement remain underexplored. To address this gap, the study aims to develop a scale to assess Chinese EFL teachers' TCL. Data were collected from three cohorts of Chinese EFL teachers through semi-structured interviews (n[subscript 1] = 11) and two rounds of questionnaire surveys (n[subscript 2] = 315, n[subscript 3] = 582). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported the psychometric soundness of the 26-item scale and revealed a four-factor structure of EFL teachers' transformational teaching behaviours, including idealised influence, inspirational motivation, individualised consideration, and intellectual stimulation. Among these, idealised influence was identified as the most prominent indicator of TCL. This study offers a useful tool for measuring EFL teachers' TCL and provides implications for teachers and language educators, highlighting the importance of practicing idealised influence in classroom interactions to enhance the quality of foreign language education.
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  Data: 2026
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  Data: EJ1497787
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=eric&AN=EJ1497787
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        Value: 10.1111/ejed.70500
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      – Text: English
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        PageCount: 15
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Foreign Countries
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Language Teachers
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Second Language Instruction
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      – SubjectFull: English (Second Language)
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      – SubjectFull: Transformational Leadership
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      – SubjectFull: Classroom Techniques
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      – SubjectFull: Teacher Evaluation
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      – SubjectFull: Test Construction
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      – SubjectFull: Test Validity
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      – SubjectFull: Questionnaires
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      – SubjectFull: Factor Analysis
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      – SubjectFull: Psychometrics
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      – SubjectFull: Teaching Methods
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      – SubjectFull: Teacher Motivation
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      – SubjectFull: Stimulation
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      – SubjectFull: Teacher Leadership
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      – SubjectFull: China
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      – TitleFull: Measuring EFL Teachers' Transformational Classroom Leadership: Scale Development and Validation
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            NameFull: Shiying Wang
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