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Web-Based Constructivist Learning Environment Model to Foster Critical Reading and Reading Literacy within the PISA Framework: Comprehensive Development and Validation

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Title: Web-Based Constructivist Learning Environment Model to Foster Critical Reading and Reading Literacy within the PISA Framework: Comprehensive Development and Validation
Language: English
Authors: Phennipha Thongkhotr, Sumalee Chaijaroen
Source: Journal of Education and Learning. 2026 15(1):428-445.
Availability: Canadian Center of Science and Education. 1595 Sixteenth Ave Suite 301, Richmond Hill, Ontario, L4B 3N9 Canada. Tel: 416-642-2606; Fax: 416-642-2608; e-mail: jel@ccsenet.org; Web site: http://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/jel
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 18
Publication Date: 2026
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Education Level: Secondary Education
Grade 9
High Schools
Junior High Schools
Middle Schools
Descriptors: Secondary School Students, International Assessment, Foreign Countries, Achievement Tests, Grade 9, Critical Reading, Web Based Instruction, Web Sites, Educational Technology, Reading Achievement, Constructivism (Learning), Reading Skills, Student Attitudes, Usability
Geographic Terms: Thailand
Assessment and Survey Identifiers: Program for International Student Assessment
ISSN: 1927-5250
1927-5269
Abstract: This study aimed to enhance Thai ninth-grade students' critical reading and reading literacy by implementing a Web-Based Constructivist Learning Environment Model (Web-Based CLEM) aligned with the PISA-based reading literacy framework. Employing a Design and Development approach, the study was conducted in two phases: Phase 1 involved model development through a comprehensive literature review, needs analysis, and theoretical synthesis; Phase 2 focused on model validation, where the Web-Based CLEM was tested with 42 students from Khon Kaen Wittayayon School using pre- and post-tests as well as structured interviews to validate its effectiveness in improving critical reading and PISA-based reading literacy. The study successfully established a comprehensive Web-Based CLEM incorporating eight interactive components namely: Problem Situation, Learning Resources, Intellectual Tools, Learning Exchange Center, Center for Promoting Critical Reading, Center for Promoting Reading Literacy, Help Center, and Advice Center, designed to foster reading comprehension, metacognitive engagement, and literacy skill development. The validation phase of the Web-Based CLEM revealed significant improvement in students' critical reading skills and reading literacy, with pre- and post-test mean achievement scores increasing from 35.45 to 45.52 (t = 18.46, p < 0.05), and 88.10% of students meeting the 70% passing criterion. Likewise, pre- and post-test scores for critical reading and reading literacy rose from [x-bar] = 21.12, 8.74 to [x-bar] = 34.93, 10.40, demonstrating substantial gains in both skills. Additionally, the coefficient of determination (r[superscript 2]) was 0.426, suggesting that approximately 42.6% of the variance in achievement scores can be explained by students' reading literacy levels, with both variables moving in the same direction. Furthermore, students' perception of the effectiveness of the Web-Based CLEM in terms of content, media, and design revealed valuable insights into how they engaged with and applied critical reading strategies within the digital learning environment. This study extends the literature on constructivist learning and digital literacy by providing empirical evidence on the effectiveness of Web-Based CLEM in fostering critical reading skills in secondary education. The findings contribute to ongoing discussions on innovative pedagogical models that prepare students for complex literacy demands in an increasingly digital world.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2026
Accession Number: EJ1498863
Database: ERIC
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  Data: This study aimed to enhance Thai ninth-grade students&#39; critical reading and reading literacy by implementing a Web-Based Constructivist Learning Environment Model (Web-Based CLEM) aligned with the PISA-based reading literacy framework. Employing a Design and Development approach, the study was conducted in two phases: Phase 1 involved model development through a comprehensive literature review, needs analysis, and theoretical synthesis; Phase 2 focused on model validation, where the Web-Based CLEM was tested with 42 students from Khon Kaen Wittayayon School using pre- and post-tests as well as structured interviews to validate its effectiveness in improving critical reading and PISA-based reading literacy. The study successfully established a comprehensive Web-Based CLEM incorporating eight interactive components namely: Problem Situation, Learning Resources, Intellectual Tools, Learning Exchange Center, Center for Promoting Critical Reading, Center for Promoting Reading Literacy, Help Center, and Advice Center, designed to foster reading comprehension, metacognitive engagement, and literacy skill development. The validation phase of the Web-Based CLEM revealed significant improvement in students&#39; critical reading skills and reading literacy, with pre- and post-test mean achievement scores increasing from 35.45 to 45.52 (t = 18.46, p &lt; 0.05), and 88.10% of students meeting the 70% passing criterion. Likewise, pre- and post-test scores for critical reading and reading literacy rose from [x-bar] = 21.12, 8.74 to [x-bar] = 34.93, 10.40, demonstrating substantial gains in both skills. Additionally, the coefficient of determination (r[superscript 2]) was 0.426, suggesting that approximately 42.6% of the variance in achievement scores can be explained by students&#39; reading literacy levels, with both variables moving in the same direction. Furthermore, students&#39; perception of the effectiveness of the Web-Based CLEM in terms of content, media, and design revealed valuable insights into how they engaged with and applied critical reading strategies within the digital learning environment. This study extends the literature on constructivist learning and digital literacy by providing empirical evidence on the effectiveness of Web-Based CLEM in fostering critical reading skills in secondary education. The findings contribute to ongoing discussions on innovative pedagogical models that prepare students for complex literacy demands in an increasingly digital world.
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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    Languages:
      – Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 18
        StartPage: 428
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Secondary School Students
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: International Assessment
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      – SubjectFull: Foreign Countries
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      – SubjectFull: Critical Reading
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      – SubjectFull: Web Based Instruction
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      – SubjectFull: Web Sites
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      – SubjectFull: Educational Technology
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      – SubjectFull: Reading Achievement
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      – SubjectFull: Constructivism (Learning)
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      – SubjectFull: Reading Skills
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      – SubjectFull: Thailand
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Program for International Student Assessment
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      – TitleFull: Web-Based Constructivist Learning Environment Model to Foster Critical Reading and Reading Literacy within the PISA Framework: Comprehensive Development and Validation
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