View in EDS

To Whom Do These Results Apply? Assessing Evidence for the Generalizability of Social and Emotional Learning Programs among Specific Racial and Ethnic Groups

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Title: To Whom Do These Results Apply? Assessing Evidence for the Generalizability of Social and Emotional Learning Programs among Specific Racial and Ethnic Groups
Language: English
Authors: Tiffany M. Jones (ORCID 0000-0002-7884-1155), Bo-Kyung Elizabeth Kim, Charles B. Fleming, Jie Deng, Addison Duane, Amelia R. Gavin, Valerie B. Shapiro (ORCID 0000-0003-4493-8829)
Source: Review of Educational Research. 2026 96(2):543-583.
Availability: SAGE Publications. 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320. Tel: 800-818-7243; Tel: 805-499-9774; Fax: 800-583-2665; e-mail: journals@sagepub.com; Web site: https://sagepub.com
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 41
Publication Date: 2026
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Education Level: Elementary Education
Early Childhood Education
Preschool Education
Descriptors: Social Emotional Learning, Minority Group Students, Racial Differences, Ethnicity, Program Effectiveness, Racism, Educational Research, African American Students, Hispanic American Students, Student Diversity, Intervention, Elementary Education, Preschool Education
DOI: 10.3102/00346543241310184
ISSN: 0034-6543
1935-1046
Abstract: Social and emotional learning (SEL) programs are widely used, yet concerns have arisen about whether the evidence for these programs extends to students of color (SOC). The data in this study include published articles (n = 158) of trials (n = 97) of SEL interventions (n = 32) from the CASEL SELect list of evidence-based SEL programs. Using racial frames common in intervention research, we examined the extent of SOC representation in SEL intervention trials, how authors attend to race/ethnicity in their analyses, and whether and how these analyses show evidence that these programs benefit specific racial/ethnic groups. While doing so, we discuss the complex nature of race and racism in SEL research. Eight interventions provided some evidence that they benefit Black students and four showed some evidence that they benefit Hispanic/Latiné students. No trials provided evidence of benefit to any other groups of SOC. Findings suggest that while representation of SOC in SEL trials has improved, additional research is needed to understand to whom the evidence for SEL program effectiveness applies.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2026
Accession Number: EJ1500500
Database: ERIC
FullText Text:
  Availability: 0
Header DbId: eric
DbLabel: ERIC
An: EJ1500500
AccessLevel: 3
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
PreciseRelevancyScore: 0
IllustrationInfo
Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: To Whom Do These Results Apply? Assessing Evidence for the Generalizability of Social and Emotional Learning Programs among Specific Racial and Ethnic Groups
– Name: Language
  Label: Language
  Group: Lang
  Data: English
– Name: Author
  Label: Authors
  Group: Au
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tiffany+M%2E+Jones%22">Tiffany M. Jones</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7884-1155">0000-0002-7884-1155</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bo-Kyung+Elizabeth+Kim%22">Bo-Kyung Elizabeth Kim</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Charles+B%2E+Fleming%22">Charles B. Fleming</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jie+Deng%22">Jie Deng</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Addison+Duane%22">Addison Duane</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Amelia+R%2E+Gavin%22">Amelia R. Gavin</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Valerie+B%2E+Shapiro%22">Valerie B. Shapiro</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4493-8829">0000-0003-4493-8829</externalLink>)
– Name: TitleSource
  Label: Source
  Group: Src
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22Review+of+Educational+Research%22"><i>Review of Educational Research</i></searchLink>. 2026 96(2):543-583.
– Name: Avail
  Label: Availability
  Group: Avail
  Data: SAGE Publications. 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320. Tel: 800-818-7243; Tel: 805-499-9774; Fax: 800-583-2665; e-mail: journals@sagepub.com; Web site: https://sagepub.com
– Name: PeerReviewed
  Label: Peer Reviewed
  Group: SrcInfo
  Data: Y
– Name: Pages
  Label: Page Count
  Group: Src
  Data: 41
– Name: DatePubCY
  Label: Publication Date
  Group: Date
  Data: 2026
– Name: TypeDocument
  Label: Document Type
  Group: TypDoc
  Data: Journal Articles<br />Reports - Research
– Name: Audience
  Label: Education Level
  Group: Audnce
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22Elementary+Education%22">Elementary Education</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22Early+Childhood+Education%22">Early Childhood Education</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22Preschool+Education%22">Preschool Education</searchLink>
– Name: Subject
  Label: Descriptors
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Social+Emotional+Learning%22">Social Emotional Learning</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Minority+Group+Students%22">Minority Group Students</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Racial+Differences%22">Racial Differences</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ethnicity%22">Ethnicity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Program+Effectiveness%22">Program Effectiveness</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Racism%22">Racism</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Educational+Research%22">Educational Research</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22African+American+Students%22">African American Students</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hispanic+American+Students%22">Hispanic American Students</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Student+Diversity%22">Student Diversity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Intervention%22">Intervention</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Elementary+Education%22">Elementary Education</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Preschool+Education%22">Preschool Education</searchLink>
– Name: DOI
  Label: DOI
  Group: ID
  Data: 10.3102/00346543241310184
– Name: ISSN
  Label: ISSN
  Group: ISSN
  Data: 0034-6543<br />1935-1046
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Social and emotional learning (SEL) programs are widely used, yet concerns have arisen about whether the evidence for these programs extends to students of color (SOC). The data in this study include published articles (n = 158) of trials (n = 97) of SEL interventions (n = 32) from the CASEL SELect list of evidence-based SEL programs. Using racial frames common in intervention research, we examined the extent of SOC representation in SEL intervention trials, how authors attend to race/ethnicity in their analyses, and whether and how these analyses show evidence that these programs benefit specific racial/ethnic groups. While doing so, we discuss the complex nature of race and racism in SEL research. Eight interventions provided some evidence that they benefit Black students and four showed some evidence that they benefit Hispanic/Latiné students. No trials provided evidence of benefit to any other groups of SOC. Findings suggest that while representation of SOC in SEL trials has improved, additional research is needed to understand to whom the evidence for SEL program effectiveness applies.
– Name: AbstractInfo
  Label: Abstractor
  Group: Ab
  Data: As Provided
– Name: DateEntry
  Label: Entry Date
  Group: Date
  Data: 2026
– Name: AN
  Label: Accession Number
  Group: ID
  Data: EJ1500500
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=eric&AN=EJ1500500
RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.3102/00346543241310184
    Languages:
      – Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 41
        StartPage: 543
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Social Emotional Learning
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Minority Group Students
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Racial Differences
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Ethnicity
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Program Effectiveness
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Racism
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Educational Research
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: African American Students
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Hispanic American Students
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Student Diversity
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Intervention
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Elementary Education
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Preschool Education
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: To Whom Do These Results Apply? Assessing Evidence for the Generalizability of Social and Emotional Learning Programs among Specific Racial and Ethnic Groups
        Type: main
  BibRelationships:
    HasContributorRelationships:
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Tiffany M. Jones
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Bo-Kyung Elizabeth Kim
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Charles B. Fleming
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Jie Deng
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Addison Duane
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Amelia R. Gavin
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Valerie B. Shapiro
    IsPartOfRelationships:
      – BibEntity:
          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 04
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
          Identifiers:
            – Type: issn-print
              Value: 0034-6543
            – Type: issn-electronic
              Value: 1935-1046
          Numbering:
            – Type: volume
              Value: 96
            – Type: issue
              Value: 2
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: Review of Educational Research
              Type: main
ResultId 1