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Design and Validation of the P-MATHEX Questionnaire: Assessing Preservice Teachers' Perceptions of Pedagogical Knowledge in Mathematics and Science

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Title: Design and Validation of the P-MATHEX Questionnaire: Assessing Preservice Teachers' Perceptions of Pedagogical Knowledge in Mathematics and Science
Language: English
Authors: María Santágueda-Villanueva (ORCID 0000-0002-5472-7972), Maria Teresa Sanz (ORCID 0000-0002-7146-8087), Emilia López-Iñesta (ORCID 0000-0002-1325-2501), Lidón Monferrer (ORCID 0000-0001-8117-6814), Gil Lorenzo-Valentín (ORCID 0000-0002-2812-5740)
Source: European Journal of Science and Mathematics Education. 2026 14(1):1-27.
Availability: European Journal of Science and Mathematics Education. Eastern Mediterranean University, Farnagusta, TRNC, Mersin 10, Turkey. e-mail: editor@scimath.net; Web site: http://www.scimath.net
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 27
Publication Date: 2026
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Tests/Questionnaires
Education Level: Higher Education
Postsecondary Education
Descriptors: Questionnaires, Test Construction, Test Validity, Preservice Teachers, Pedagogical Content Knowledge, Mathematics Education, Science Education, Foreign Countries, Student Attitudes
Geographic Terms: Spain
ISSN: 2301-251X
Abstract: This study presents the design and validation of the P-MATHEX questionnaire, an instrument aimed at assessing preservice primary teachers' perceptions regarding pedagogical knowledge in mathematics and experimental science education. Initially, a questionnaire comprising 50 Likert-scale items and 10 demographic questions was developed and subjected to a cognitive pre-test with 50 preservice teachers from a Spanish university. The instrument was then validated using a larger training sample of 264 participants. Psychometric validation involved exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis, item discrimination indices, and internal consistency reliability assessed by McDonald's omega coefficient. EFA results identified five distinct factors: teacher training improvement, methodological shortcomings, applied teaching methods, trial-and-error approach, and student problem-solving difficulties. The revised questionnaire was further validated with an additional sample of 166 preservice teachers. Results confirmed excellent internal consistency (global ω = 0.95) and robust factorial structure (CFI = 0.986; TLI = 0.985; RMSEA = 0.061). The P-MATHEX questionnaire effectively highlighted preservice teachers' perceived strengths in practical teaching methods and identified areas requiring further training, particularly inclusive education practices and integration of information and communication technologies skills. This validated instrument provides educators and policymakers a reliable and actionable tool to evaluate and enhance teacher education programmes in mathematics and experimental sciences, ultimately aiming to improve pedagogical practices in primary education classrooms.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2026
Accession Number: EJ1500514
Database: ERIC
FullText Text:
  Availability: 0
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  Data: Design and Validation of the P-MATHEX Questionnaire: Assessing Preservice Teachers' Perceptions of Pedagogical Knowledge in Mathematics and Science
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22María+Santágueda-Villanueva%22">María Santágueda-Villanueva</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5472-7972">0000-0002-5472-7972</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Maria+Teresa+Sanz%22">Maria Teresa Sanz</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7146-8087">0000-0002-7146-8087</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Emilia+López-Iñesta%22">Emilia López-Iñesta</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1325-2501">0000-0002-1325-2501</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lidón+Monferrer%22">Lidón Monferrer</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8117-6814">0000-0001-8117-6814</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gil+Lorenzo-Valentín%22">Gil Lorenzo-Valentín</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2812-5740">0000-0002-2812-5740</externalLink>)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22European+Journal+of+Science+and+Mathematics+Education%22"><i>European Journal of Science and Mathematics Education</i></searchLink>. 2026 14(1):1-27.
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  Data: European Journal of Science and Mathematics Education. Eastern Mediterranean University, Farnagusta, TRNC, Mersin 10, Turkey. e-mail: editor@scimath.net; Web site: http://www.scimath.net
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  Data: 27
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  Data: 2026
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  Data: Journal Articles<br />Reports - Research<br />Tests/Questionnaires
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22Higher+Education%22">Higher Education</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22Postsecondary+Education%22">Postsecondary Education</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Questionnaires%22">Questionnaires</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Test+Construction%22">Test Construction</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Test+Validity%22">Test Validity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Preservice+Teachers%22">Preservice Teachers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pedagogical+Content+Knowledge%22">Pedagogical Content Knowledge</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mathematics+Education%22">Mathematics Education</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Science+Education%22">Science Education</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Foreign+Countries%22">Foreign Countries</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Student+Attitudes%22">Student Attitudes</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Spain%22">Spain</searchLink>
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  Data: 2301-251X
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  Label: Abstract
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  Data: This study presents the design and validation of the P-MATHEX questionnaire, an instrument aimed at assessing preservice primary teachers' perceptions regarding pedagogical knowledge in mathematics and experimental science education. Initially, a questionnaire comprising 50 Likert-scale items and 10 demographic questions was developed and subjected to a cognitive pre-test with 50 preservice teachers from a Spanish university. The instrument was then validated using a larger training sample of 264 participants. Psychometric validation involved exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis, item discrimination indices, and internal consistency reliability assessed by McDonald's omega coefficient. EFA results identified five distinct factors: teacher training improvement, methodological shortcomings, applied teaching methods, trial-and-error approach, and student problem-solving difficulties. The revised questionnaire was further validated with an additional sample of 166 preservice teachers. Results confirmed excellent internal consistency (global ω = 0.95) and robust factorial structure (CFI = 0.986; TLI = 0.985; RMSEA = 0.061). The P-MATHEX questionnaire effectively highlighted preservice teachers' perceived strengths in practical teaching methods and identified areas requiring further training, particularly inclusive education practices and integration of information and communication technologies skills. This validated instrument provides educators and policymakers a reliable and actionable tool to evaluate and enhance teacher education programmes in mathematics and experimental sciences, ultimately aiming to improve pedagogical practices in primary education classrooms.
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  Data: 2026
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  Data: EJ1500514
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      – Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 27
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      – SubjectFull: Questionnaires
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Test Construction
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      – SubjectFull: Test Validity
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      – SubjectFull: Preservice Teachers
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Pedagogical Content Knowledge
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mathematics Education
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      – SubjectFull: Science Education
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      – SubjectFull: Foreign Countries
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      – SubjectFull: Student Attitudes
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      – SubjectFull: Spain
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      – TitleFull: Design and Validation of the P-MATHEX Questionnaire: Assessing Preservice Teachers' Perceptions of Pedagogical Knowledge in Mathematics and Science
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