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Review Findings from Ethical Reviews of Non-Medical Research in Japan

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Title: Review Findings from Ethical Reviews of Non-Medical Research in Japan
Language: English
Authors: Takuya Watanabe
Source: Journal of Academic Ethics. 2026 24(1).
Availability: BioMed Central, Ltd. Available from: Springer Nature. 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013. Tel: 800-777-4643; Tel: 212-460-1500; Fax: 212-348-4505; e-mail: customerservice@springernature.com; Web site: https://www.springer.com/gp/biomedical-sciences
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 11
Publication Date: 2026
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Education Level: Higher Education
Postsecondary Education
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Ethics, Research Committees, Research Administration, Universities, Research Proposals, Graduate Students, College Faculty, Research Needs, Consent
Geographic Terms: Japan
DOI: 10.1007/s10805-025-09710-3
ISSN: 1570-1727
1572-8544
Abstract: This study examined how ethical reviews are actually conducted in non-medical research in Japan through an analysis of 70 review comments on 19 proposals reviewed by the ethics committee of University A in 2015, using the qualitative method SCAT (Steps for Coding and Theorization). Although non-medical research generally lacks the physical invasiveness characteristic of medical research, appropriate ethical considerations remain essential. The comments were classified into seven categories, with "Scientific rationality of the research plan," "Request for cooperation," and "Assessment of risks and benefits" being the most frequent. To facilitate interpretation, these categories were further organized into four overarching themes: (1) Methodological commitment, (2) Participant selection and protection, (3) Research benefits and foreseeable risks, and (4) Researcher's inadequate ethical reflections. Reviewers often required clearer articulation of research objectives, background, and methods, as well as more detailed explanations and consent procedures for participants, including attention to minors and withdrawal rights. These findings suggest that ethical review in non-medical research should go beyond procedural formality to ensure careful consideration of research purpose, participant rights, and potential risks, thereby supporting ethically sound research practices.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2026
Accession Number: EJ1500709
Database: ERIC
FullText Text:
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  Data: Review Findings from Ethical Reviews of Non-Medical Research in Japan
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  Data: BioMed Central, Ltd. Available from: Springer Nature. 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013. Tel: 800-777-4643; Tel: 212-460-1500; Fax: 212-348-4505; e-mail: customerservice@springernature.com; Web site: https://www.springer.com/gp/biomedical-sciences
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Foreign+Countries%22">Foreign Countries</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ethics%22">Ethics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Research+Committees%22">Research Committees</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Research+Administration%22">Research Administration</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Universities%22">Universities</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Research+Proposals%22">Research Proposals</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Graduate+Students%22">Graduate Students</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22College+Faculty%22">College Faculty</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Research+Needs%22">Research Needs</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Consent%22">Consent</searchLink>
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  Data: 10.1007/s10805-025-09710-3
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  Data: This study examined how ethical reviews are actually conducted in non-medical research in Japan through an analysis of 70 review comments on 19 proposals reviewed by the ethics committee of University A in 2015, using the qualitative method SCAT (Steps for Coding and Theorization). Although non-medical research generally lacks the physical invasiveness characteristic of medical research, appropriate ethical considerations remain essential. The comments were classified into seven categories, with "Scientific rationality of the research plan," "Request for cooperation," and "Assessment of risks and benefits" being the most frequent. To facilitate interpretation, these categories were further organized into four overarching themes: (1) Methodological commitment, (2) Participant selection and protection, (3) Research benefits and foreseeable risks, and (4) Researcher's inadequate ethical reflections. Reviewers often required clearer articulation of research objectives, background, and methods, as well as more detailed explanations and consent procedures for participants, including attention to minors and withdrawal rights. These findings suggest that ethical review in non-medical research should go beyond procedural formality to ensure careful consideration of research purpose, participant rights, and potential risks, thereby supporting ethically sound research practices.
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        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Ethics
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      – SubjectFull: Research Committees
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      – SubjectFull: Universities
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      – SubjectFull: Consent
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      – SubjectFull: Japan
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