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The Role of Open and Distance Education in Reducing the Educational Gap in Indonesia

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Title: The Role of Open and Distance Education in Reducing the Educational Gap in Indonesia
Language: English
Authors: Yuyun Alfasius Tobondo
Source: International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning. 2026 27(1):91-106.
Availability: Athabasca University Press. 1200, 10011-109 Street, Edmonton, AB T5J 3S8, Canada. Tel: 780-497-3412; Fax: 780-421-3298; e-mail: irrodl@athabascau.ca; Web site: http://www.irrodl.org
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 16
Publication Date: 2026
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Descriptors: Open Education, Distance Education, Foreign Countries, Rural Areas, Urban Areas, Access to Education, Educational Quality, Access to Internet, Equal Education, Technology Uses in Education, Access to Computers, Developing Nations, Educational Policy, Barriers, Achievement Gap
Geographic Terms: Indonesia
ISSN: 1492-3831
Abstract: This study analyzed the role of open and distance education (ODE) in reducing the educational gap in Indonesia, particularly between urban and rural areas. The research method was a literature review that collected and analyzed various articles and reports related to ODE in Indonesia and other developing countries. The findings indicated that ODE had great potential to enhance access to education in remote areas; however, this potential has been constrained by uneven technological infrastructure, lack of teacher training, and educational policies that are not yet inclusive. This study recommended improvements in policies to support the development of digital infrastructure and continuous teacher training. Practical recommendations include providing subsidies for devices and Internet access for students in rural areas. While ODE has provided solutions to similar educational gaps in other developing countries, such as India and Nigeria, the implementation of more inclusive policies and enhanced teaching capacity is necessary to optimize its benefits in Indonesia.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2026
Accession Number: EJ1501204
Database: ERIC
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  Data: The Role of Open and Distance Education in Reducing the Educational Gap in Indonesia
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yuyun+Alfasius+Tobondo%22">Yuyun Alfasius Tobondo</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22International+Review+of+Research+in+Open+and+Distributed+Learning%22"><i>International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning</i></searchLink>. 2026 27(1):91-106.
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  Data: Athabasca University Press. 1200, 10011-109 Street, Edmonton, AB T5J 3S8, Canada. Tel: 780-497-3412; Fax: 780-421-3298; e-mail: irrodl@athabascau.ca; Web site: http://www.irrodl.org
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Open+Education%22">Open Education</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Distance+Education%22">Distance Education</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Foreign+Countries%22">Foreign Countries</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Rural+Areas%22">Rural Areas</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Urban+Areas%22">Urban Areas</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Access+to+Education%22">Access to Education</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Educational+Quality%22">Educational Quality</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Access+to+Internet%22">Access to Internet</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Equal+Education%22">Equal Education</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Technology+Uses+in+Education%22">Technology Uses in Education</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Access+to+Computers%22">Access to Computers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Developing+Nations%22">Developing Nations</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Educational+Policy%22">Educational Policy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Barriers%22">Barriers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Achievement+Gap%22">Achievement Gap</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Indonesia%22">Indonesia</searchLink>
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  Data: 1492-3831
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  Label: Abstract
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  Data: This study analyzed the role of open and distance education (ODE) in reducing the educational gap in Indonesia, particularly between urban and rural areas. The research method was a literature review that collected and analyzed various articles and reports related to ODE in Indonesia and other developing countries. The findings indicated that ODE had great potential to enhance access to education in remote areas; however, this potential has been constrained by uneven technological infrastructure, lack of teacher training, and educational policies that are not yet inclusive. This study recommended improvements in policies to support the development of digital infrastructure and continuous teacher training. Practical recommendations include providing subsidies for devices and Internet access for students in rural areas. While ODE has provided solutions to similar educational gaps in other developing countries, such as India and Nigeria, the implementation of more inclusive policies and enhanced teaching capacity is necessary to optimize its benefits in Indonesia.
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      – Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 16
        StartPage: 91
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Open Education
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Distance Education
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Foreign Countries
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Rural Areas
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Urban Areas
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Access to Education
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Educational Quality
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Access to Internet
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Equal Education
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Technology Uses in Education
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Access to Computers
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Developing Nations
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      – SubjectFull: Educational Policy
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      – SubjectFull: Barriers
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Achievement Gap
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Indonesia
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: The Role of Open and Distance Education in Reducing the Educational Gap in Indonesia
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              Y: 2026
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