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Quantifying Objective In-School Physical Activity during Recess and Physical Education in 6-12-Year-Old Children

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Title: Quantifying Objective In-School Physical Activity during Recess and Physical Education in 6-12-Year-Old Children
Language: English
Authors: Riley Galloway (ORCID 0000-0003-0960-3046), Hunter Haynes, Anna Nelson, Morgan Massey
Source: Journal of School Health. 2026 96(4).
Availability: Wiley. Available from: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030. Tel: 800-835-6770; e-mail: cs-journals@wiley.com; Web site: https://www.wiley.com/en-us
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 10
Publication Date: 2026
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Education Level: Elementary Education
Descriptors: Physical Activity Level, Child Health, Elementary School Students, Physical Education, Recess Breaks, Measurement, Gender Differences, Racial Differences, Grades (Scholastic), Physical Education Teachers
DOI: 10.1111/josh.70132
ISSN: 0022-4391
1746-1561
Abstract: Background: An obesogenic environment that limits physical activity (PA) contributes to rising childhood obesity rates. Schools play a pivotal role in providing structured and unstructured outdoor opportunities for PA. This setting allows policy-driven assessments for potential health and well-being policy modification. Methods: In-school elementary PA was assessed using hip-worn accelerometers over five consecutive school days (N = 408 students). Teachers recorded information for physical education (P.E.) and recess, which was analyzed using accelerometry software and MANOVA in SPSS. Results: Students failed to meet the recommended 150 min of in- school moderate-to-vigorous PA per week. Significant differences in PA during recess and P.E. were found based on sex, race, academic grade, and presence of a P.E. instructor. This Implications for School Health Policy, Practice, and Equity. Improving school health requires not just meeting mandated PA minutes but ensuring equitable, high-quality opportunities supported by trained P.E. staff. Strengthening accountability, providing inclusive programming, and using objective monitoring can help schools reduce disparities and promote healthier active learning environments. Conclusions: These findings highlight the need for improved assessment models and targeted interventions for improved policy adherence. Delivering effective, inclusive PA programs is critical for fostering healthier environments and ensuring children have equitable opportunities for PA during school.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2026
Accession Number: EJ1501440
Database: ERIC
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  Data: Quantifying Objective In-School Physical Activity during Recess and Physical Education in 6-12-Year-Old Children
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Riley+Galloway%22">Riley Galloway</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0960-3046">0000-0003-0960-3046</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hunter+Haynes%22">Hunter Haynes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Anna+Nelson%22">Anna Nelson</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Morgan+Massey%22">Morgan Massey</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22Journal+of+School+Health%22"><i>Journal of School Health</i></searchLink>. 2026 96(4).
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  Data: Wiley. Available from: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030. Tel: 800-835-6770; e-mail: cs-journals@wiley.com; Web site: https://www.wiley.com/en-us
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  Data: Journal Articles<br />Reports - Research
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22Elementary+Education%22">Elementary Education</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Physical+Activity+Level%22">Physical Activity Level</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Child+Health%22">Child Health</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Elementary+School+Students%22">Elementary School Students</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Physical+Education%22">Physical Education</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Recess+Breaks%22">Recess Breaks</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Measurement%22">Measurement</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Gender+Differences%22">Gender Differences</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Racial+Differences%22">Racial Differences</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Grades+%28Scholastic%29%22">Grades (Scholastic)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Physical+Education+Teachers%22">Physical Education Teachers</searchLink>
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  Data: 10.1111/josh.70132
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  Data: 0022-4391<br />1746-1561
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Background: An obesogenic environment that limits physical activity (PA) contributes to rising childhood obesity rates. Schools play a pivotal role in providing structured and unstructured outdoor opportunities for PA. This setting allows policy-driven assessments for potential health and well-being policy modification. Methods: In-school elementary PA was assessed using hip-worn accelerometers over five consecutive school days (N = 408 students). Teachers recorded information for physical education (P.E.) and recess, which was analyzed using accelerometry software and MANOVA in SPSS. Results: Students failed to meet the recommended 150 min of in- school moderate-to-vigorous PA per week. Significant differences in PA during recess and P.E. were found based on sex, race, academic grade, and presence of a P.E. instructor. This Implications for School Health Policy, Practice, and Equity. Improving school health requires not just meeting mandated PA minutes but ensuring equitable, high-quality opportunities supported by trained P.E. staff. Strengthening accountability, providing inclusive programming, and using objective monitoring can help schools reduce disparities and promote healthier active learning environments. Conclusions: These findings highlight the need for improved assessment models and targeted interventions for improved policy adherence. Delivering effective, inclusive PA programs is critical for fostering healthier environments and ensuring children have equitable opportunities for PA during school.
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        PageCount: 10
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Physical Activity Level
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      – SubjectFull: Child Health
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      – SubjectFull: Elementary School Students
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      – SubjectFull: Physical Education
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      – SubjectFull: Recess Breaks
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      – SubjectFull: Measurement
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      – SubjectFull: Gender Differences
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      – SubjectFull: Grades (Scholastic)
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      – SubjectFull: Physical Education Teachers
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      – TitleFull: Quantifying Objective In-School Physical Activity during Recess and Physical Education in 6-12-Year-Old Children
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