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Evaluation of Postural Stability under Single and Dual Task Conditions in Individuals with and without Intellectual Disability

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Title: Evaluation of Postural Stability under Single and Dual Task Conditions in Individuals with and without Intellectual Disability
Language: English
Authors: Carmen Gutiérrez-Cruz, Saray Muñoz-López, Francisco J. Ruiz-Perálvarez, Danica Janicijevic
Source: International Journal of Developmental Disabilities. 2025 71(5):725-732.
Availability: Taylor & Francis. Available from: Taylor & Francis, Ltd. 530 Walnut Street Suite 850, Philadelphia, PA 19106. Tel: 800-354-1420; Tel: 215-625-8900; Fax: 215-207-0050; Web site: http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 8
Publication Date: 2025
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Descriptors: Human Posture, Intellectual Disability, Human Body, Adults, Foreign Countries, Severity (of Disability), Cognitive Processes
Geographic Terms: Spain
DOI: 10.1080/20473869.2023.2280726
ISSN: 2047-3869
2047-3877
Abstract: Background: The aim was to investigate how varying levels of intellectual disability (ID) impact postural stability parameters and response reaction time (RRT). Method: Fifty-nine individuals with low and moderate levels of ID and 55 sex- and age-matched peers without ID performed a bipedal standing postural control task while having their (I) eyes open [OE], (II) eyes closed [CE], and (III) while performing a secondary cognitive task- pressing a trigger button while maintaining still stance (dual task, DT). Seven postural control parameters (total, mediolateral and anteroposterior displacement, sway area, sway mean velocity, mediolateral dispersion, and anteroposterior dispersion) during each experimental condition as well as the RRT during the DT were recorded. Results: The results revealed that (I) CE and DT partially affected postural control parameters when compared to OE condition (in 13 and in 3 out of 21 pairwise comparisons, respectively), (II) individuals with ID had poorer postural control than peers without ID during the OE and DT conditions (p ≤ 0.05), but not during the CE condition (except for the larger total displacement observed in participants with moderate disability compared to participants without ID, p ≤ 0.05), (III) RRT was longer in individuals with ID compared to the group without ID (p ≤ 0.001), and (IV) no postural control parameter (p ≥ 0.05) nor RRT (p = 0.138) revealed differences between the participants with low and moderate levels of ID. Conclusions: These findings suggest that individuals with ID present reduced performance in the postural control parameters especially when they need to respond to DT compared to individuals without ID.
Abstractor: As Provided
Notes: https://osf.io/7f8s2/?view_only=4adef7afffd04dcfa5737b76c61084be
Entry Date: 2026
Accession Number: EJ1502324
Database: ERIC
FullText Text:
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  Data: Evaluation of Postural Stability under Single and Dual Task Conditions in Individuals with and without Intellectual Disability
– Name: Language
  Label: Language
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  Data: English
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Carmen+Gutiérrez-Cruz%22">Carmen Gutiérrez-Cruz</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Saray+Muñoz-López%22">Saray Muñoz-López</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Francisco+J%2E+Ruiz-Perálvarez%22">Francisco J. Ruiz-Perálvarez</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Danica+Janicijevic%22">Danica Janicijevic</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22International+Journal+of+Developmental+Disabilities%22"><i>International Journal of Developmental Disabilities</i></searchLink>. 2025 71(5):725-732.
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  Data: Taylor & Francis. Available from: Taylor & Francis, Ltd. 530 Walnut Street Suite 850, Philadelphia, PA 19106. Tel: 800-354-1420; Tel: 215-625-8900; Fax: 215-207-0050; Web site: http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals
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  Data: Y
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  Data: 8
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  Data: 2025
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  Data: Journal Articles<br />Reports - Research
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Human+Posture%22">Human Posture</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Intellectual+Disability%22">Intellectual Disability</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Human+Body%22">Human Body</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Adults%22">Adults</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Foreign+Countries%22">Foreign Countries</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Severity+%28of+Disability%29%22">Severity (of Disability)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cognitive+Processes%22">Cognitive Processes</searchLink>
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  Label: Geographic Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Spain%22">Spain</searchLink>
– Name: DOI
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  Data: 10.1080/20473869.2023.2280726
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  Data: 2047-3869<br />2047-3877
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Background: The aim was to investigate how varying levels of intellectual disability (ID) impact postural stability parameters and response reaction time (RRT). Method: Fifty-nine individuals with low and moderate levels of ID and 55 sex- and age-matched peers without ID performed a bipedal standing postural control task while having their (I) eyes open [OE], (II) eyes closed [CE], and (III) while performing a secondary cognitive task- pressing a trigger button while maintaining still stance (dual task, DT). Seven postural control parameters (total, mediolateral and anteroposterior displacement, sway area, sway mean velocity, mediolateral dispersion, and anteroposterior dispersion) during each experimental condition as well as the RRT during the DT were recorded. Results: The results revealed that (I) CE and DT partially affected postural control parameters when compared to OE condition (in 13 and in 3 out of 21 pairwise comparisons, respectively), (II) individuals with ID had poorer postural control than peers without ID during the OE and DT conditions (p ≤ 0.05), but not during the CE condition (except for the larger total displacement observed in participants with moderate disability compared to participants without ID, p ≤ 0.05), (III) RRT was longer in individuals with ID compared to the group without ID (p ≤ 0.001), and (IV) no postural control parameter (p ≥ 0.05) nor RRT (p = 0.138) revealed differences between the participants with low and moderate levels of ID. Conclusions: These findings suggest that individuals with ID present reduced performance in the postural control parameters especially when they need to respond to DT compared to individuals without ID.
– Name: AbstractInfo
  Label: Abstractor
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  Data: As Provided
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  Label: Notes
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  Data: https://osf.io/7f8s2/?view_only=4adef7afffd04dcfa5737b76c61084be
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  Data: 2026
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        Value: 10.1080/20473869.2023.2280726
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      – Text: English
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        StartPage: 725
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Human Posture
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Intellectual Disability
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      – SubjectFull: Human Body
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      – SubjectFull: Foreign Countries
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      – SubjectFull: Severity (of Disability)
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      – SubjectFull: Cognitive Processes
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      – SubjectFull: Spain
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    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Evaluation of Postural Stability under Single and Dual Task Conditions in Individuals with and without Intellectual Disability
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