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Friendships in Flux: A Daily Examination of Friend Continuity and Associations with Adolescent Mood

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Title: Friendships in Flux: A Daily Examination of Friend Continuity and Associations with Adolescent Mood
Language: English
Authors: Alexandra D. Ehrhardt (ORCID 0000-0001-6599-9714), Adam J. Hoffman (ORCID 0000-0001-5508-3905), Hannah L. Schacter (ORCID 0000-0002-8186-7495)
Source: Developmental Psychology. 2025 61(10):1868-1874.
Availability: American Psychological Association. Journals Department, 750 First Street NE, Washington, DC 20002. Tel: 800-374-2721; Tel: 202-336-5510; Fax: 202-336-5502; e-mail: order@apa.org; Web site: http://www.apa.org
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 7
Publication Date: 2025
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Descriptors: Adolescents, Friendship, Psychological Patterns, Reliability, Well Being
Assessment and Survey Identifiers: Positive and Negative Affect Schedule
DOI: 10.1037/dev0002014
ISSN: 0012-1649
1939-0599
Abstract: Although maintaining stable friendships is an important developmental task for adolescents, there is limited understanding of whether adolescents' friendships vary from day to day and predict changes in emotional well-being. Therefore, the current daily diary study aimed to characterize the day-to-day consistency of adolescents' close friendships and investigate whether feeling close to the same friends from 1 day to the next (daily friend continuity) predicted daily mood. Fourteen consecutive days of friendship nominations and mood assessments were collected from 195 11th-grade students (M[subscript age] = 16.48; SD[subscript age] = 0.53; 66% female). Variability statistics (intraclass correlations, root mean square of successive differences) indicated considerable fluctuations in the consistency of friendship closeness as perceived by adolescents across 2 weeks. Results from multilevel models demonstrated that greater friend continuity was associated with greater positive mood, but not negative mood, at both the within- and between-person level. The findings reveal inconsistency in whom adolescents feel closest over 2 weeks and suggest that maintaining closeness with the same friends from 1 day to the next bolsters adolescents' short-term emotional well-being.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2026
Accession Number: EJ1502515
Database: ERIC
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Alexandra+D%2E+Ehrhardt%22">Alexandra D. Ehrhardt</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6599-9714">0000-0001-6599-9714</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Adam+J%2E+Hoffman%22">Adam J. Hoffman</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5508-3905">0000-0001-5508-3905</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hannah+L%2E+Schacter%22">Hannah L. Schacter</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8186-7495">0000-0002-8186-7495</externalLink>)
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  Data: American Psychological Association. Journals Department, 750 First Street NE, Washington, DC 20002. Tel: 800-374-2721; Tel: 202-336-5510; Fax: 202-336-5502; e-mail: order@apa.org; Web site: http://www.apa.org
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  Data: Although maintaining stable friendships is an important developmental task for adolescents, there is limited understanding of whether adolescents' friendships vary from day to day and predict changes in emotional well-being. Therefore, the current daily diary study aimed to characterize the day-to-day consistency of adolescents' close friendships and investigate whether feeling close to the same friends from 1 day to the next (daily friend continuity) predicted daily mood. Fourteen consecutive days of friendship nominations and mood assessments were collected from 195 11th-grade students (M[subscript age] = 16.48; SD[subscript age] = 0.53; 66% female). Variability statistics (intraclass correlations, root mean square of successive differences) indicated considerable fluctuations in the consistency of friendship closeness as perceived by adolescents across 2 weeks. Results from multilevel models demonstrated that greater friend continuity was associated with greater positive mood, but not negative mood, at both the within- and between-person level. The findings reveal inconsistency in whom adolescents feel closest over 2 weeks and suggest that maintaining closeness with the same friends from 1 day to the next bolsters adolescents' short-term emotional well-being.
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      – SubjectFull: Psychological Patterns
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      – SubjectFull: Well Being
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      – SubjectFull: Positive and Negative Affect Schedule
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