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The Development and Validation of a Scale for Measuring EFL Secondary Teachers' Self-Efficacy for English Writing and Writing Instruction

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Title: The Development and Validation of a Scale for Measuring EFL Secondary Teachers' Self-Efficacy for English Writing and Writing Instruction
Language: English
Authors: Shulin Yu (ORCID 0000-0003-1051-311X), Kaihao Yuan, Nan Zhou, Chuang Wang (ORCID 0000-0003-3372-2053)
Source: Language Teaching Research. 2026 30(4):2034-2059.
Availability: SAGE Publications. 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320. Tel: 800-818-7243; Tel: 805-499-9774; Fax: 800-583-2665; e-mail: journals@sagepub.com; Web site: https://sagepub.com
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 26
Publication Date: 2026
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Education Level: Secondary Education
Descriptors: Test Construction, Test Validity, Secondary School Teachers, Language Teachers, English (Second Language), Self Efficacy, Writing (Composition), Writing Instruction, Foreign Countries, Factor Structure, Psychometrics, Test Reliability, Teacher Attitudes
Geographic Terms: China
DOI: 10.1177/13621688231174701
ISSN: 1362-1688
1477-0954
Abstract: Although the field of second language (L2) writing has evolved into an independent field of inquiry with the exponential growth in research across contexts in the past decades, relatively less attention has been paid to teachers who write and teach writing in school instructional contexts. In particular, scant research on L2 writing teachers has investigated secondary English teachers' self-efficacy beliefs for writing and writing instruction. The present study aimed to develop and validate the Secondary English as a Foreign Language (EFL) Teachers' Self-Efficacy for Writing and Writing Instruction Scale (SEFL-TSEWWIS). A sample of 984 Chinese secondary EFL teachers participated in the study. The final version of the SEFL-TSEWWIS scale was comprised of 26 items measuring three dimensions: self-efficacy for teaching and assessing writing elements; self-efficacy for writing instruction; and self-efficacy for writing. Results of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses indicated that the SEFL-TSEWWIS scale had good psychometric properties. This study highlighted that EFL teachers' beliefs about writing assessment and feedback are crucial parts of their conception of self-efficacy beliefs towards teaching L2 writing. Theoretical and pedagogical implications of the findings are provided for English writing teachers and writing teacher educators in EFL contexts.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2026
Accession Number: EJ1502793
Database: ERIC
FullText Text:
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  Label: Title
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  Data: The Development and Validation of a Scale for Measuring EFL Secondary Teachers' Self-Efficacy for English Writing and Writing Instruction
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  Label: Language
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  Data: English
– Name: Author
  Label: Authors
  Group: Au
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Shulin+Yu%22">Shulin Yu</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1051-311X">0000-0003-1051-311X</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kaihao+Yuan%22">Kaihao Yuan</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Nan+Zhou%22">Nan Zhou</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chuang+Wang%22">Chuang Wang</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3372-2053">0000-0003-3372-2053</externalLink>)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22Language+Teaching+Research%22"><i>Language Teaching Research</i></searchLink>. 2026 30(4):2034-2059.
– Name: Avail
  Label: Availability
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  Data: SAGE Publications. 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320. Tel: 800-818-7243; Tel: 805-499-9774; Fax: 800-583-2665; e-mail: journals@sagepub.com; Web site: https://sagepub.com
– Name: PeerReviewed
  Label: Peer Reviewed
  Group: SrcInfo
  Data: Y
– Name: Pages
  Label: Page Count
  Group: Src
  Data: 26
– Name: DatePubCY
  Label: Publication Date
  Group: Date
  Data: 2026
– Name: TypeDocument
  Label: Document Type
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  Data: Journal Articles<br />Reports - Research
– Name: Audience
  Label: Education Level
  Group: Audnce
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22Secondary+Education%22">Secondary Education</searchLink>
– Name: Subject
  Label: Descriptors
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Test+Construction%22">Test Construction</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Test+Validity%22">Test Validity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Secondary+School+Teachers%22">Secondary School Teachers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Language+Teachers%22">Language Teachers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22English+%28Second+Language%29%22">English (Second Language)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Self+Efficacy%22">Self Efficacy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Writing+%28Composition%29%22">Writing (Composition)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Writing+Instruction%22">Writing Instruction</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Foreign+Countries%22">Foreign Countries</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Factor+Structure%22">Factor Structure</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Psychometrics%22">Psychometrics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Test+Reliability%22">Test Reliability</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Teacher+Attitudes%22">Teacher Attitudes</searchLink>
– Name: Subject
  Label: Geographic Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22China%22">China</searchLink>
– Name: DOI
  Label: DOI
  Group: ID
  Data: 10.1177/13621688231174701
– Name: ISSN
  Label: ISSN
  Group: ISSN
  Data: 1362-1688<br />1477-0954
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Although the field of second language (L2) writing has evolved into an independent field of inquiry with the exponential growth in research across contexts in the past decades, relatively less attention has been paid to teachers who write and teach writing in school instructional contexts. In particular, scant research on L2 writing teachers has investigated secondary English teachers' self-efficacy beliefs for writing and writing instruction. The present study aimed to develop and validate the Secondary English as a Foreign Language (EFL) Teachers' Self-Efficacy for Writing and Writing Instruction Scale (SEFL-TSEWWIS). A sample of 984 Chinese secondary EFL teachers participated in the study. The final version of the SEFL-TSEWWIS scale was comprised of 26 items measuring three dimensions: self-efficacy for teaching and assessing writing elements; self-efficacy for writing instruction; and self-efficacy for writing. Results of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses indicated that the SEFL-TSEWWIS scale had good psychometric properties. This study highlighted that EFL teachers' beliefs about writing assessment and feedback are crucial parts of their conception of self-efficacy beliefs towards teaching L2 writing. Theoretical and pedagogical implications of the findings are provided for English writing teachers and writing teacher educators in EFL contexts.
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  Data: 2026
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  Data: EJ1502793
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=eric&AN=EJ1502793
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    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1177/13621688231174701
    Languages:
      – Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 26
        StartPage: 2034
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Test Construction
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Test Validity
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Secondary School Teachers
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Language Teachers
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: English (Second Language)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Self Efficacy
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Writing (Composition)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Writing Instruction
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Foreign Countries
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Factor Structure
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Psychometrics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Test Reliability
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Teacher Attitudes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: China
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: The Development and Validation of a Scale for Measuring EFL Secondary Teachers' Self-Efficacy for English Writing and Writing Instruction
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            NameFull: Shulin Yu
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            NameFull: Kaihao Yuan
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            NameFull: Nan Zhou
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            NameFull: Chuang Wang
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              Y: 2026
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              Value: 30
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              Value: 4
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            – TitleFull: Language Teaching Research
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