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An Application of Deviance Regulation Theory on Indices of Cannabis Involvement in a Sample of Egyptian Young Adults

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Title: An Application of Deviance Regulation Theory on Indices of Cannabis Involvement in a Sample of Egyptian Young Adults
Language: English
Authors: Mai Helmy, Nadia Rodriguez, Madison Maynard, Robert D. Dvorak (ORCID 0000-0002-0613-1277), Daniel Paulson, Angelina V. Leary (ORCID 0000-0002-1374-5437), Matthew Kramer, Brittany L. Stevenson
Source: Journal of Drug Education. 2026 55(2):67-85.
Availability: SAGE Publications. 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320. Tel: 800-818-7243; Tel: 805-499-9774; Fax: 800-583-2665; e-mail: journals@sagepub.com; Web site: https://sagepub.com
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 19
Publication Date: 2026
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Education Level: Higher Education
Postsecondary Education
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Marijuana, Drug Use, Student Attitudes, College Students, Social Influences, Intention, Self Concept, Intervention, Program Effectiveness, Behavior Standards, Social Behavior
Geographic Terms: Egypt
DOI: 10.1177/00472379261432257
ISSN: 0047-2379
1541-4159
Abstract: Introduction and Aims: Cannabis use is increasingly common among young adults in Egypt. There is a lack of research on cannabis interventions among this group. This study examines Deviance Regulation Theory (DRT), a social-conformity based intervention, as a way to change indices of cannabis use among Egyptian college students. Design and Methods: Participants were n = 399 Egyptian college students. Participants reported cannabis use and perceived use norms. They were randomly assigned to receive a positively framed message about those who do not use cannabis or negatively framed message about those who do use cannabis. They then reported cannabis use intentions and self-disappointment (i.e., how disappointed in themselves they would feel) if they were to use cannabis. Results: Logistic regression results were that decreased odds of extreme self-disappointment associated with the belief that cannabis use was infrequent when presented with a negative frame about those who use cannabis. There were lower odds of extreme self-disappointment for participants who believed cannabis use was frequent when presented a positive frame about those who do not use cannabis. Both findings contradict DRT. Moderation results were that, among a small sample (n = 25), reporting less than extreme self-disappointment, there was an increase in self-disappointment in the negative frame as cannabis use norms decreased and an increase in self-disappointment in the positive frame as cannabis norms increased. Both findings are consistent with DRT. Discussion and Conclusions: Results were largely counter to US samples. These findings highlight the importance of identifying individuals who hold differing views on the acceptability of cannabis use in order to provide targeted messaging about cannabis use among Egyptian emerging adults.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2026
Accession Number: EJ1505723
Database: ERIC
FullText Text:
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  Data: An Application of Deviance Regulation Theory on Indices of Cannabis Involvement in a Sample of Egyptian Young Adults
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  Data: English
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mai+Helmy%22">Mai Helmy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Nadia+Rodriguez%22">Nadia Rodriguez</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Madison+Maynard%22">Madison Maynard</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Robert+D%2E+Dvorak%22">Robert D. Dvorak</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0613-1277">0000-0002-0613-1277</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Daniel+Paulson%22">Daniel Paulson</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Angelina+V%2E+Leary%22">Angelina V. Leary</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1374-5437">0000-0002-1374-5437</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Matthew+Kramer%22">Matthew Kramer</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Brittany+L%2E+Stevenson%22">Brittany L. Stevenson</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22Journal+of+Drug+Education%22"><i>Journal of Drug Education</i></searchLink>. 2026 55(2):67-85.
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  Data: SAGE Publications. 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320. Tel: 800-818-7243; Tel: 805-499-9774; Fax: 800-583-2665; e-mail: journals@sagepub.com; Web site: https://sagepub.com
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  Data: 19
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  Data: 2026
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22Higher+Education%22">Higher Education</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22Postsecondary+Education%22">Postsecondary Education</searchLink>
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  Label: Descriptors
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Foreign+Countries%22">Foreign Countries</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Marijuana%22">Marijuana</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Drug+Use%22">Drug Use</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Student+Attitudes%22">Student Attitudes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22College+Students%22">College Students</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Social+Influences%22">Social Influences</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Intention%22">Intention</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Self+Concept%22">Self Concept</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Intervention%22">Intervention</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Program+Effectiveness%22">Program Effectiveness</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Behavior+Standards%22">Behavior Standards</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Social+Behavior%22">Social Behavior</searchLink>
– Name: Subject
  Label: Geographic Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Egypt%22">Egypt</searchLink>
– Name: DOI
  Label: DOI
  Group: ID
  Data: 10.1177/00472379261432257
– Name: ISSN
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  Data: 0047-2379<br />1541-4159
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Introduction and Aims: Cannabis use is increasingly common among young adults in Egypt. There is a lack of research on cannabis interventions among this group. This study examines Deviance Regulation Theory (DRT), a social-conformity based intervention, as a way to change indices of cannabis use among Egyptian college students. Design and Methods: Participants were n = 399 Egyptian college students. Participants reported cannabis use and perceived use norms. They were randomly assigned to receive a positively framed message about those who do not use cannabis or negatively framed message about those who do use cannabis. They then reported cannabis use intentions and self-disappointment (i.e., how disappointed in themselves they would feel) if they were to use cannabis. Results: Logistic regression results were that decreased odds of extreme self-disappointment associated with the belief that cannabis use was infrequent when presented with a negative frame about those who use cannabis. There were lower odds of extreme self-disappointment for participants who believed cannabis use was frequent when presented a positive frame about those who do not use cannabis. Both findings contradict DRT. Moderation results were that, among a small sample (n = 25), reporting less than extreme self-disappointment, there was an increase in self-disappointment in the negative frame as cannabis use norms decreased and an increase in self-disappointment in the positive frame as cannabis norms increased. Both findings are consistent with DRT. Discussion and Conclusions: Results were largely counter to US samples. These findings highlight the importance of identifying individuals who hold differing views on the acceptability of cannabis use in order to provide targeted messaging about cannabis use among Egyptian emerging adults.
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  Data: 2026
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  Label: Accession Number
  Group: ID
  Data: EJ1505723
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        Value: 10.1177/00472379261432257
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      – Text: English
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        PageCount: 19
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      – SubjectFull: Foreign Countries
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Marijuana
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      – SubjectFull: Drug Use
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      – SubjectFull: Student Attitudes
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      – SubjectFull: Egypt
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