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Effectiveness of Worksheets in Science Students' Learning Outcomes: A Meta-Analysis

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Title: Effectiveness of Worksheets in Science Students' Learning Outcomes: A Meta-Analysis
Language: English
Authors: Mark Justine N. Revano (ORCID 0009-0003-4573-4569), Jarine A. Tanda (ORCID 0009-0005-2988-6970), Fhebie A. Walles (ORCID 0009-0002-4693-3810)
Source: International Journal of Education in Mathematics, Science and Technology. 2026 14(2):603-624.
Availability: International Journal of Education in Mathematics, Science and Technology. Necmettin Erbakan University, Ahmet Kelesoglu Education Faculty, Meram, Konya, 42090, Turkey. e-mail: ijermst@gmail.com; Web site: https://www.ijemst.net/index.php/ijemst/index
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 22
Publication Date: 2026
Document Type: Journal Articles
Information Analyses
Education Level: Elementary Education
Secondary Education
Postsecondary Education
Descriptors: Worksheets, Instructional Effectiveness, Science Education, Science Instruction, Elementary Education, Secondary Education, Postsecondary Education, Geographic Regions, Teaching Methods, Foreign Countries, Science Achievement, Outcomes of Education, Intellectual Disciplines
Geographic Terms: Indonesia, Philippines, Turkey
ISSN: 2147-611X
Abstract: Improving students' learning outcomes remains a central goal of science education, as students are expected to engage critically, reason scientifically, and apply knowledge in diverse contexts. Worksheets have long been used in science classrooms to achieve this goal. But despite their widespread use, existing meta-analyses have been limited in scope, often focusing on single disciplines or lacking the influence of moderating variables. This study conducted a meta-analysis, analyzing 38 effect sizes drawn from 33 studies involving 2,465 students. Results revealed a large and statistically significant overall effect (Hedges g = 1.600), confirming that worksheets substantially improve students' learning outcomes in science. Moderator analysis indicated a significant effect based on country, education level, scientific discipline, learning domain, and worksheet variation. The most notable effects were observed in the secondary level, in the field of physics, and in ethnoscience and representation-rich worksheets. This study provides evidence-based insights on the effectiveness of worksheets and the importance of thoughtfully designing them as tools that extend beyond routine practice to support meaningful learning in science education.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2026
Accession Number: EJ1506057
Database: ERIC
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mark+Justine+N%2E+Revano%22">Mark Justine N. Revano</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4573-4569">0009-0003-4573-4569</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jarine+A%2E+Tanda%22">Jarine A. Tanda</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2988-6970">0009-0005-2988-6970</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Fhebie+A%2E+Walles%22">Fhebie A. Walles</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4693-3810">0009-0002-4693-3810</externalLink>)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22International+Journal+of+Education+in+Mathematics%2C+Science+and+Technology%22"><i>International Journal of Education in Mathematics, Science and Technology</i></searchLink>. 2026 14(2):603-624.
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  Data: International Journal of Education in Mathematics, Science and Technology. Necmettin Erbakan University, Ahmet Kelesoglu Education Faculty, Meram, Konya, 42090, Turkey. e-mail: ijermst@gmail.com; Web site: https://www.ijemst.net/index.php/ijemst/index
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  Data: Improving students' learning outcomes remains a central goal of science education, as students are expected to engage critically, reason scientifically, and apply knowledge in diverse contexts. Worksheets have long been used in science classrooms to achieve this goal. But despite their widespread use, existing meta-analyses have been limited in scope, often focusing on single disciplines or lacking the influence of moderating variables. This study conducted a meta-analysis, analyzing 38 effect sizes drawn from 33 studies involving 2,465 students. Results revealed a large and statistically significant overall effect (Hedges g = 1.600), confirming that worksheets substantially improve students' learning outcomes in science. Moderator analysis indicated a significant effect based on country, education level, scientific discipline, learning domain, and worksheet variation. The most notable effects were observed in the secondary level, in the field of physics, and in ethnoscience and representation-rich worksheets. This study provides evidence-based insights on the effectiveness of worksheets and the importance of thoughtfully designing them as tools that extend beyond routine practice to support meaningful learning in science education.
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  Data: 2026
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  Data: EJ1506057
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    Languages:
      – Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
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        PageCount: 22
        StartPage: 603
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Worksheets
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Instructional Effectiveness
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Science Education
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      – SubjectFull: Foreign Countries
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      – SubjectFull: Science Achievement
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      – SubjectFull: Outcomes of Education
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      – SubjectFull: Indonesia
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      – SubjectFull: Turkey
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