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Does Service, Scholarship, and Teaching Activity Vary across Demographic Groups and Time? Changing Patterns among Professors at Two University Campuses

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Title: Does Service, Scholarship, and Teaching Activity Vary across Demographic Groups and Time? Changing Patterns among Professors at Two University Campuses
Language: English
Authors: Michael D. Drake (ORCID 0000-0003-0774-2034), Karen M. Bailey, Sebastián Dueñas-Ocampo, Lee Frankel-Goldwater, Peter Newton
Source: Journal of Diversity in Higher Education. 2025 18(1):S111-S124.
Availability: American Psychological Association. Journals Department, 750 First Street NE, Washington, DC 20002. Tel: 800-374-2721; Tel: 202-336-5510; Fax: 202-336-5502; e-mail: order@apa.org; Web site: http://www.apa.org
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 14
Publication Date: 2025
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Education Level: Higher Education
Postsecondary Education
Descriptors: Teacher Characteristics, Academic Rank (Professional), Higher Education, College Faculty, Sex, Race, Disproportionate Representation, Self Evaluation (Individuals), Behavior Patterns, Multicampus Colleges, Public Colleges, Scholarship
DOI: 10.1037/dhe0000546
ISSN: 1938-8926
1938-8934
Abstract: The three main dimensions of academic activities that guide tenure and promotion in academia are scholarship, teaching, and service. As the academic professoriate has diversified in recent decades, there has been a concerted effort to understand and remove any unequal expectations or obstacles that could affect how professors from different demographic groups divide their workloads between these three activity categories. While some research has identified disproportionate workload burdens placed upon some underrepresented groups, questions remain about how academic activity varies between individuals within different groups and how academic activity changes over time. In this article, we ask: Does self-reported academic activity (i.e., scholarship, service, teaching) vary across demographic groups or across academic rank, and do patterns in reporting vary over time across demographic groups? To address these questions, we utilized a 7-year data set of self-reported academic activity from 1,688 professors at two campuses of a public university. We observed that female professors reported more annual service and teaching activities than their male counterparts and that White professors reported more service and scholarship activities than several other racial groups. We also identified temporal trends among these relationships, with the difference in reported service activities between female and male professors increasing and several differences between racial groups decreasing across our study period. Our study contributes to a growing understanding of patterns in academic workload across demographic groups and sheds light on disparities in workloads that may exist within academia. Additionally, our methodological approach highlights opportunities and the challenges of using self-reported activity data to assess faculty performance.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2026
Accession Number: EJ1506087
Database: ERIC
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  Data: Does Service, Scholarship, and Teaching Activity Vary across Demographic Groups and Time? Changing Patterns among Professors at Two University Campuses
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Michael+D%2E+Drake%22">Michael D. Drake</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0774-2034">0000-0003-0774-2034</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Karen+M%2E+Bailey%22">Karen M. Bailey</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sebastián+Dueñas-Ocampo%22">Sebastián Dueñas-Ocampo</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lee+Frankel-Goldwater%22">Lee Frankel-Goldwater</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Peter+Newton%22">Peter Newton</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22Journal+of+Diversity+in+Higher+Education%22"><i>Journal of Diversity in Higher Education</i></searchLink>. 2025 18(1):S111-S124.
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  Data: American Psychological Association. Journals Department, 750 First Street NE, Washington, DC 20002. Tel: 800-374-2721; Tel: 202-336-5510; Fax: 202-336-5502; e-mail: order@apa.org; Web site: http://www.apa.org
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  Data: 10.1037/dhe0000546
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  Data: 1938-8926<br />1938-8934
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  Label: Abstract
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  Data: The three main dimensions of academic activities that guide tenure and promotion in academia are scholarship, teaching, and service. As the academic professoriate has diversified in recent decades, there has been a concerted effort to understand and remove any unequal expectations or obstacles that could affect how professors from different demographic groups divide their workloads between these three activity categories. While some research has identified disproportionate workload burdens placed upon some underrepresented groups, questions remain about how academic activity varies between individuals within different groups and how academic activity changes over time. In this article, we ask: Does self-reported academic activity (i.e., scholarship, service, teaching) vary across demographic groups or across academic rank, and do patterns in reporting vary over time across demographic groups? To address these questions, we utilized a 7-year data set of self-reported academic activity from 1,688 professors at two campuses of a public university. We observed that female professors reported more annual service and teaching activities than their male counterparts and that White professors reported more service and scholarship activities than several other racial groups. We also identified temporal trends among these relationships, with the difference in reported service activities between female and male professors increasing and several differences between racial groups decreasing across our study period. Our study contributes to a growing understanding of patterns in academic workload across demographic groups and sheds light on disparities in workloads that may exist within academia. Additionally, our methodological approach highlights opportunities and the challenges of using self-reported activity data to assess faculty performance.
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PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=eric&AN=EJ1506087
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      – SubjectFull: Teacher Characteristics
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      – SubjectFull: Academic Rank (Professional)
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      – SubjectFull: Multicampus Colleges
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