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Why Most People Disapprove of Me: Experience Sampling in Impression Formation

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Title: Why Most People Disapprove of Me: Experience Sampling in Impression Formation
Language: English
Authors: Denrell, Jerker
Source: Psychological Review. Oct 2005 112(4):951-978.
Availability: American Psychological Association. Journals Department, 750 First Street NE, Washington, DC 20002-4242. Tel: 800-374-2721; Tel: 202-336-5510; Fax: 202-336-5502; e-mail: order@apa.org; Web site: http://www.apa.org/publications.
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 28
Publication Date: 2005
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Descriptive
Descriptors: Probability, Interaction, Sampling, Nonverbal Communication, Social Cognition, Attitudes, Concept Formation, Individual Differences, Formative Evaluation
ISSN: 0033-295X
Abstract: Individuals are typically more likely to continue to interact with people if they have a positive impression of them. This article shows how this sequential sampling feature of impression formation can explain several biases in impression formation. The underlying mechanism is the sample bias generated when the probability of interaction depends on current impressions. Because negative experiences decrease the probability of interaction, negative initial impressions are more stable than positive impressions. Negative initial impressions, however, are more likely to change for individuals who are frequently exposed to others. As a result, systematic differences in interaction patterns, due to social similarity or proximity, will produce systematic differences in impressions. This mechanism suggests an alternative explanation of several regularities in impression formation, including a negativity bias in impressions of outgroup members, systematic differences in performance evaluations, and more positive evaluations of proximate others.
Abstractor: Author
Entry Date: 2006
Access URL: https://content.apa.org/journals/rev/112/4
Accession Number: EJ735380
Database: ERIC
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  Data: Individuals are typically more likely to continue to interact with people if they have a positive impression of them. This article shows how this sequential sampling feature of impression formation can explain several biases in impression formation. The underlying mechanism is the sample bias generated when the probability of interaction depends on current impressions. Because negative experiences decrease the probability of interaction, negative initial impressions are more stable than positive impressions. Negative initial impressions, however, are more likely to change for individuals who are frequently exposed to others. As a result, systematic differences in interaction patterns, due to social similarity or proximity, will produce systematic differences in impressions. This mechanism suggests an alternative explanation of several regularities in impression formation, including a negativity bias in impressions of outgroup members, systematic differences in performance evaluations, and more positive evaluations of proximate others.
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