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Seeking Positive Experiences Can Produce Illusory Correlations

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Title: Seeking Positive Experiences Can Produce Illusory Correlations
Language: English
Authors: Denrell, Jerker, Le Mens, Gael
Source: Cognition. Jun 2011 119(3):313-324.
Availability: Elsevier. 6277 Sea Harbor Drive, Orlando, FL 32887-4800. Tel: 877-839-7126; Tel: 407-345-4020; Fax: 407-363-1354; e-mail: usjcs@elsevier.com; Web site: http://www.elsevier.com
Peer Reviewed: Y
Physical Description: PDF
Page Count: 12
Publication Date: 2011
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Descriptive
Descriptors: Attitudes, Decision Making, Correlation, Sampling, Bias, Attention, Personality, Proximity, Stereotypes
DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2011.01.007
ISSN: 0010-0277
Abstract: Individuals tend to select again alternatives about which they have positive impressions and to avoid alternatives about which they have negative impressions. Here we show how this sequential sampling feature of the information acquisition process leads to the emergence of an illusory correlation between estimates of the attributes of multi-attribute alternatives. The sign of the illusory correlation depends on how the decision maker combines estimates in making her sampling decisions. A positive illusory correlation emerges when evaluations are compensatory or disjunctive and a negative illusory correlation can emerge when evaluations are conjunctive. Our theory provides an alternative explanation for illusory correlations that does not rely on biased information processing nor selective attention to different pieces of information. It provides a new perspective on several well-established empirical phenomena such as the "Halo" effect in personality perception, the relation between proximity and attitudes, and the in-group out-group bias in stereotype formation.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2011
Accession Number: EJ921401
Database: ERIC
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  Data: Individuals tend to select again alternatives about which they have positive impressions and to avoid alternatives about which they have negative impressions. Here we show how this sequential sampling feature of the information acquisition process leads to the emergence of an illusory correlation between estimates of the attributes of multi-attribute alternatives. The sign of the illusory correlation depends on how the decision maker combines estimates in making her sampling decisions. A positive illusory correlation emerges when evaluations are compensatory or disjunctive and a negative illusory correlation can emerge when evaluations are conjunctive. Our theory provides an alternative explanation for illusory correlations that does not rely on biased information processing nor selective attention to different pieces of information. It provides a new perspective on several well-established empirical phenomena such as the "Halo" effect in personality perception, the relation between proximity and attitudes, and the in-group out-group bias in stereotype formation.
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