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Unskilled but Aware: Reinterpreting Overconfidence in Low-Performing Students

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Title: Unskilled but Aware: Reinterpreting Overconfidence in Low-Performing Students
Language: English
Authors: Miller, Tyler M., Geraci, Lisa
Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition. Mar 2011 37(2):502-506.
Availability: American Psychological Association. Journals Department, 750 First Street NE, Washington, DC 20002-4242. Tel: 800-374-2721; Tel: 202-336-5510; Fax: 202-336-5502; e-mail: order@apa.org; Web site: http://www.apa.org/publications
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 5
Publication Date: 2011
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Education Level: Higher Education
Descriptors: Prediction, Metacognition, Low Achievement, Self Esteem, Self Evaluation (Individuals), Predictive Measurement, Predictive Validity, Disadvantaged, Performance Based Assessment, Academic Ability, Cognitive Psychology, Confidence Testing, Skill Analysis
Geographic Terms: Texas
DOI: 10.1037/a0021802
ISSN: 0278-7393
Abstract: People are generally overconfident in their self-assessments and this overconfidence effect is greatest for people of poorer abilities. For example, poor students predict that they will perform much better on exams than they do. One explanation for this result is that poor performers in general are doubly cursed: They lack knowledge of the material, and they lack awareness of the knowledge that they do and do not possess. The current studies examined whether poor performers in the classroom are truly unaware of their deficits by examining the relationship between students' exam predictions and their confidence in these predictions. Relative to high-performing students, the poorer students showed a greater overconfidence effect (i.e., their predictions were greater than their performance), but they also reported lower confidence in these predictions. Together, these results suggest that poor students are indeed unskilled but that they may have some awareness of their lack of metacognitive knowledge. (Contains 2 tables and 1 figure.)
Abstractor: As Provided
Number of References: 21
Entry Date: 2011
Accession Number: EJ933810
Database: ERIC
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  Data: American Psychological Association. Journals Department, 750 First Street NE, Washington, DC 20002-4242. Tel: 800-374-2721; Tel: 202-336-5510; Fax: 202-336-5502; e-mail: order@apa.org; Web site: http://www.apa.org/publications
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  Data: 10.1037/a0021802
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  Data: People are generally overconfident in their self-assessments and this overconfidence effect is greatest for people of poorer abilities. For example, poor students predict that they will perform much better on exams than they do. One explanation for this result is that poor performers in general are doubly cursed: They lack knowledge of the material, and they lack awareness of the knowledge that they do and do not possess. The current studies examined whether poor performers in the classroom are truly unaware of their deficits by examining the relationship between students' exam predictions and their confidence in these predictions. Relative to high-performing students, the poorer students showed a greater overconfidence effect (i.e., their predictions were greater than their performance), but they also reported lower confidence in these predictions. Together, these results suggest that poor students are indeed unskilled but that they may have some awareness of their lack of metacognitive knowledge. (Contains 2 tables and 1 figure.)
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        Value: 10.1037/a0021802
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      – Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 5
        StartPage: 502
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Prediction
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Metacognition
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      – SubjectFull: Low Achievement
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      – SubjectFull: Predictive Validity
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      – SubjectFull: Disadvantaged
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      – SubjectFull: Performance Based Assessment
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      – SubjectFull: Academic Ability
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      – SubjectFull: Cognitive Psychology
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      – SubjectFull: Confidence Testing
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      – SubjectFull: Skill Analysis
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      – SubjectFull: Texas
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