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HTLV-1 infection: An emerging risk. Pathogenesis, epidemiology, diagnosis and associated diseases.

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Title: HTLV-1 infection: An emerging risk. Pathogenesis, epidemiology, diagnosis and associated diseases.
Alternate Title: Infección por HTLV-1: Una enfermedad emergente. Patogenia, epidemiología, diagnóstico y enfermedades asociadas.
Authors: Eusebio-Ponce, Emiliana1,2, Anguita, Eduardo2,3, Paulino-Ramirez, Robert1, Javier Candel, Francisco2,4 fj.candel@gmail.com
Source: Revista Española de Quimioterapia. Dec2019, Vol. 32 Issue 6, p485-496. 12p.
Subjects: HTLV-I, EPIDEMIOLOGY, CARCINOGENESIS, T cells, VERTICAL transmission (Communicable diseases)
Abstract (English): The Human T-Lymphotropic Virus type 1 (HTLV-1) affects up to 10 million people worldwide. It is directly associated to one of the most aggressive T cell malignancies: Adult T Cell Leukemia-Lymphoma (ATLL) and a progressive neurological disorder, Tropical Spastic Paraparesis/ HTLV-1 Associated Myelopathy (TSP/HAM). Also, infected patients tend to have more severe forms of infectious diseases such as Strongyloidiasis and Tuberculosis. HTLV spreads through parenteral, sexual, and vertical (mother-to-child) routes. Effective viral transmission is produced mainly by cell to cell mechanism, unlike other retroviruses such as HIV, which usually spread infecting cells in a cell-free form. HTLV also has a peculiar distribution, with clusters of high endemicity in nearby areas of very low prevalence or absence of the virus. This could be explained by factors including a possible founder effect, the predominance of mother to child transmission and the cell-to-cell transmission mechanisms. More data on viral epidemiology are needed in order to develop strategies in endemic areas aimed at reducing viral dissemination. In this review, we critically analyze HTLV-1 pathogenesis, epidemiology, diagnosis, associated diseases, preventive strategies, and treatments, with emphasis to the emerging risk for Europe and particularly Spain, focusing on prevention methods to avoid viral transmission and associated diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Abstract (Spanish): El Virus Linfotrópico Humano T tipo 1 (HTLV-1) afecta hasta a 10 millones de personas en todo el mundo. Está directamente asociado a una de las neoplasias malignas de células T más agresivas: Leucemia-Linfoma de células T del Adulto (LLTA) y a un trastorno neurológico progresivo: Paraparesia Espástica Tropical / Mielopatía Asociada a HTLV-1 (PET/MAH). Además, los pacientes infectados tienden a tener formas más graves de enfermedades infecciosas como la Estrongiloidiasis y Tuberculosis. El HTLV se propaga a través de las siguientes vías: parenteral, sexual y vertical. La transmisión viral efectiva se produce principalmente por el mecanismo de contacto directo de célula a célula, a diferencia de otros retrovirus como el VIH, que generalmente se propaga infectando a las células mediante partículas virales libres. El HTLV-1 tiene una distribución peculiar, con grupos de alta endemicidad en áreas cercanas de muy baja prevalencia o ausencia del virus. Esto podría explicarse por factores que incluyen un posible efecto fundador, el predominio de la transmisión vertical (leche materna) y los mecanismos de transmisión por contacto célula a célula. Hoy en día se necesitan más datos epidemiológicos para desarrollar estrategias en áreas endémicas, destinadas a reducir la diseminación viral. En esta revisión, se analiza la patogénesis, la epidemiología, el diagnóstico, las enfermedades asociadas, las estrategias preventivas y los tratamientos del HTLV-1, con énfasis en el riesgo emergente para Europa y particularmente España, centrándonos en los métodos de prevención para evitar la transmisión viral y las enfermedades asociadas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Revista Española de Quimioterapia is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: MedicLatina
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PubType: Academic Journal
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  Data: HTLV-1 infection: An emerging risk. Pathogenesis, epidemiology, diagnosis and associated diseases.
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  Data: Infección por HTLV-1: Una enfermedad emergente. Patogenia, epidemiología, diagnóstico y enfermedades asociadas.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Eusebio-Ponce%2C+Emiliana%22">Eusebio-Ponce, Emiliana</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Anguita%2C+Eduardo%22">Anguita, Eduardo</searchLink><relatesTo>2,3</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Paulino-Ramirez%2C+Robert%22">Paulino-Ramirez, Robert</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Javier+Candel%2C+Francisco%22">Javier Candel, Francisco</searchLink><relatesTo>2,4</relatesTo><i> fj.candel@gmail.com</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Revista+Española+de+Quimioterapia%22">Revista Española de Quimioterapia</searchLink>. Dec2019, Vol. 32 Issue 6, p485-496. 12p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22HTLV-I%22">HTLV-I</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22EPIDEMIOLOGY%22">EPIDEMIOLOGY</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22CARCINOGENESIS%22">CARCINOGENESIS</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22T+cells%22">T cells</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22VERTICAL+transmission+%28Communicable+diseases%29%22">VERTICAL transmission (Communicable diseases)</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract (English)
  Group: Ab
  Data: The Human T-Lymphotropic Virus type 1 (HTLV-1) affects up to 10 million people worldwide. It is directly associated to one of the most aggressive T cell malignancies: Adult T Cell Leukemia-Lymphoma (ATLL) and a progressive neurological disorder, Tropical Spastic Paraparesis/ HTLV-1 Associated Myelopathy (TSP/HAM). Also, infected patients tend to have more severe forms of infectious diseases such as Strongyloidiasis and Tuberculosis. HTLV spreads through parenteral, sexual, and vertical (mother-to-child) routes. Effective viral transmission is produced mainly by cell to cell mechanism, unlike other retroviruses such as HIV, which usually spread infecting cells in a cell-free form. HTLV also has a peculiar distribution, with clusters of high endemicity in nearby areas of very low prevalence or absence of the virus. This could be explained by factors including a possible founder effect, the predominance of mother to child transmission and the cell-to-cell transmission mechanisms. More data on viral epidemiology are needed in order to develop strategies in endemic areas aimed at reducing viral dissemination. In this review, we critically analyze HTLV-1 pathogenesis, epidemiology, diagnosis, associated diseases, preventive strategies, and treatments, with emphasis to the emerging risk for Europe and particularly Spain, focusing on prevention methods to avoid viral transmission and associated diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract (Spanish)
  Group: Ab
  Data: El Virus Linfotrópico Humano T tipo 1 (HTLV-1) afecta hasta a 10 millones de personas en todo el mundo. Está directamente asociado a una de las neoplasias malignas de células T más agresivas: Leucemia-Linfoma de células T del Adulto (LLTA) y a un trastorno neurológico progresivo: Paraparesia Espástica Tropical / Mielopatía Asociada a HTLV-1 (PET/MAH). Además, los pacientes infectados tienden a tener formas más graves de enfermedades infecciosas como la Estrongiloidiasis y Tuberculosis. El HTLV se propaga a través de las siguientes vías: parenteral, sexual y vertical. La transmisión viral efectiva se produce principalmente por el mecanismo de contacto directo de célula a célula, a diferencia de otros retrovirus como el VIH, que generalmente se propaga infectando a las células mediante partículas virales libres. El HTLV-1 tiene una distribución peculiar, con grupos de alta endemicidad en áreas cercanas de muy baja prevalencia o ausencia del virus. Esto podría explicarse por factores que incluyen un posible efecto fundador, el predominio de la transmisión vertical (leche materna) y los mecanismos de transmisión por contacto célula a célula. Hoy en día se necesitan más datos epidemiológicos para desarrollar estrategias en áreas endémicas, destinadas a reducir la diseminación viral. En esta revisión, se analiza la patogénesis, la epidemiología, el diagnóstico, las enfermedades asociadas, las estrategias preventivas y los tratamientos del HTLV-1, con énfasis en el riesgo emergente para Europa y particularmente España, centrándonos en los métodos de prevención para evitar la transmisión viral y las enfermedades asociadas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Revista Española de Quimioterapia is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Text: English
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        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: EPIDEMIOLOGY
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      – SubjectFull: VERTICAL transmission (Communicable diseases)
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              Text: Dec2019
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