Antidepressants in Bipolar Depression: From Neurotransmitter Mechanisms to Clinical Challenges.
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| Title: | Antidepressants in Bipolar Depression: From Neurotransmitter Mechanisms to Clinical Challenges. |
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| Authors: | Pardossi, Simone1 s.pardossi@student.unisi.it, Fagiolini, Andrea1, Cuomo, Alessandro1 |
| Source: | Actas Espanolas de Psiquiatria. 2025, Vol. 53 Issue 3, p621-631. 11p. |
| Subjects: | SEROTONIN uptake inhibitors, BIPOLAR disorder, TRICYCLIC antidepressants, ANTIDEPRESSANTS, MOOD stabilizers |
| Abstract: | Bipolar disorder (BD) is characterized by the occurrence of manic/hypomanic and depressive episodes, with the latter having a significant impact on morbidity, mortality and overall quality of life. Current guidelines for bipolar depression provide limited treatment options, with only a few approved therapies. Despite these limitations, approximately 50--60% of individuals diagnosed with BD are prescribed antidepressants. However, the use of these medications remains controversial due to risks of manic induction, rapid cycling, and symptom destabilization. This review explores the neurotransmitter mechanisms underpinning the phases of BD, focusing on monoamines and assessing the efficacy and safety of different antidepressant medications in the treatment of bipolar depression. Norepinephrine and dopamine have been identified as neurotransmitters associated with both depressive and manic poles, with a proposed deficit in depression and an increase in mania. The evidence indicates that serotonin is deficient during depressive phases, yet its imbalance also manifests in mania. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), which primarily increase serotonin levels, are generally safer than tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) and show promising--though not definitive--results, especially when combined with mood stabilizers. Other newergeneration antidepressants may also have potential for the treatment of bipolar depression. The heterogeneity ofmood disorders poses a significant challenge in the diagnosis of BD, which is often ambiguous and complex. The natural mood fluctuations associated with BD, in conjunction with the frequent comorbidities such as anxiety, render the treatment of this condition particularly challenging, particularly in the context of antidepressant therapy. While clinical trials are conducted with the utmost rigor, they frequently fail to account for the intricacies of the real-world context due to the strict inclusion criteria. The identification of predictors of effective antidepressant use, such as symptom severity and comorbid conditions, has the potential to enhance treatment outcomes. Future research should aim to identify individualized predictors and deepen understanding of mood disorder spectra to optimize antidepressant use in bipolar depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Actas Espanolas de Psiquiatria is the property of Maria Lopez-Ibor and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
| Database: | MedicLatina |
| FullText | Links: – Type: pdflink Text: Availability: 0 |
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| Header | DbId: lth DbLabel: MedicLatina An: 185791996 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Antidepressants in Bipolar Depression: From Neurotransmitter Mechanisms to Clinical Challenges. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pardossi%2C+Simone%22">Pardossi, Simone</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> s.pardossi@student.unisi.it</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Fagiolini%2C+Andrea%22">Fagiolini, Andrea</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cuomo%2C+Alessandro%22">Cuomo, Alessandro</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Actas+Espanolas+de+Psiquiatria%22">Actas Espanolas de Psiquiatria</searchLink>. 2025, Vol. 53 Issue 3, p621-631. 11p. – Name: Subject Label: Subjects Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22SEROTONIN+uptake+inhibitors%22">SEROTONIN uptake inhibitors</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22BIPOLAR+disorder%22">BIPOLAR disorder</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22TRICYCLIC+antidepressants%22">TRICYCLIC antidepressants</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22ANTIDEPRESSANTS%22">ANTIDEPRESSANTS</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22MOOD+stabilizers%22">MOOD stabilizers</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: Bipolar disorder (BD) is characterized by the occurrence of manic/hypomanic and depressive episodes, with the latter having a significant impact on morbidity, mortality and overall quality of life. Current guidelines for bipolar depression provide limited treatment options, with only a few approved therapies. Despite these limitations, approximately 50--60% of individuals diagnosed with BD are prescribed antidepressants. However, the use of these medications remains controversial due to risks of manic induction, rapid cycling, and symptom destabilization. This review explores the neurotransmitter mechanisms underpinning the phases of BD, focusing on monoamines and assessing the efficacy and safety of different antidepressant medications in the treatment of bipolar depression. Norepinephrine and dopamine have been identified as neurotransmitters associated with both depressive and manic poles, with a proposed deficit in depression and an increase in mania. The evidence indicates that serotonin is deficient during depressive phases, yet its imbalance also manifests in mania. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), which primarily increase serotonin levels, are generally safer than tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) and show promising--though not definitive--results, especially when combined with mood stabilizers. Other newergeneration antidepressants may also have potential for the treatment of bipolar depression. The heterogeneity ofmood disorders poses a significant challenge in the diagnosis of BD, which is often ambiguous and complex. The natural mood fluctuations associated with BD, in conjunction with the frequent comorbidities such as anxiety, render the treatment of this condition particularly challenging, particularly in the context of antidepressant therapy. While clinical trials are conducted with the utmost rigor, they frequently fail to account for the intricacies of the real-world context due to the strict inclusion criteria. The identification of predictors of effective antidepressant use, such as symptom severity and comorbid conditions, has the potential to enhance treatment outcomes. Future research should aim to identify individualized predictors and deepen understanding of mood disorder spectra to optimize antidepressant use in bipolar depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Actas Espanolas de Psiquiatria is the property of Maria Lopez-Ibor and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.62641/aep.v53i3.1880 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 11 StartPage: 621 Subjects: – SubjectFull: SEROTONIN uptake inhibitors Type: general – SubjectFull: BIPOLAR disorder Type: general – SubjectFull: TRICYCLIC antidepressants Type: general – SubjectFull: ANTIDEPRESSANTS Type: general – SubjectFull: MOOD stabilizers Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Antidepressants in Bipolar Depression: From Neurotransmitter Mechanisms to Clinical Challenges. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Pardossi, Simone – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Fagiolini, Andrea – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Cuomo, Alessandro IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 05 Text: 2025 Type: published Y: 2025 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 11399287 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 53 – Type: issue Value: 3 Titles: – TitleFull: Actas Espanolas de Psiquiatria Type: main |
| ResultId | 1 |
