Multi-ancestry polygenic risk scores for the prediction of type 2 diabetes and complications in diverse ancestries.
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| Title: | Multi-ancestry polygenic risk scores for the prediction of type 2 diabetes and complications in diverse ancestries. |
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| Authors: | Huerta-Chagoya A; Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, 2142, USA.; Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 2114, USA.; Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 2114, USA.; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 2215, USA., Kim J; Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA., Mandla R; Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, 2142, USA.; Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 2114, USA.; Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 2114, USA., Lu Y; Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA., Suzuki K; Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.; Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8654, Japan.; Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK., Petty LE; Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA., Ng HK; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Clinical Sciences Building, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 308232, Singapore., Choi J; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 3080, South Korea., Lee S; The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA., Rout M; Department of Pediatrics, Section of Genetics, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma, OK, USA., Lin K; Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK., Adair LS; Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA., Adeyemo A; Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA., Ahsan H; Biological Sciences Division, Public Health Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA., Akiyama M; Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Centre for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan.; Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan., An P; Division of Statistical Genomics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA., Anand SS; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.; Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada.; Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada., Becker DM; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA., Bertoni AG; Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA., Bian Z; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China., Bielak LF; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA., Blangero J; Human Genetics and STDOI, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA., Boehnke M; Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA., Bottinger EP; Digital Health Center, Digitl Engineering Faculty of Hasso Plattner Institue and University Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.; Hasso Plattner Institute for Digital Health at Mount Sinai, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.; The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA., Bowden DW; Center for Diabetes Research, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.; Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.; Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA., Bragg F; Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK.; Health Data Research UK Oxford, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK., Brody JA; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA., Buchanan TA; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA., Cade BE; Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA., Chai JF; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, 117549, Singapore., Chambers JC; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Clinical Sciences Building, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 308232, Singapore., Chandak GR; Genomic Research on Complex diseases, CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CSIR-CCMB), Hyderabad, India.; Lightening Lives, Hyderabad, India., Chang LC; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan., Chang KM; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.; Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA., Chee ML; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, 168751, Singapore., Chen CH; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan., Chen YT; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan., Chen Z; Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK., Chen YI; The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA., Chen J; Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK., Chen G; Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA., Chen SH; Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA., Chen WM; Department of Public Health Sciences and Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA., Cheng CY; Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.; Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, 168751, Singapore.; Centre for Innovation and Precision Eye Health, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Singapore., Cho YS; Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24252, South Korea., Choi HS; Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24252, South Korea., Chuang LM; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.; College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan., Cruz M; Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquimica, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI, IMSS, Mexico City, Mexico., Cushman M; Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Colchester, VT, USA., Das SK; Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Endocrinology and Metabolism, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA., DeFronzo RA; Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA., deSilva HJ; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., Dimitrov L; Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA., Doumatey AP; Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA., Du S; Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA., Duan Q; Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA., Duggirala R; Human Genetics and STDOI, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA., Emery LS; Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA., Engert JC; Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada., Evans DS; California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA., Evans MK; Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA., Finer S; Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK., Florez JC; Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, 2142, USA.; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 2215, USA.; Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 2114, USA., Floyd JS; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA., Fornage M; Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA., Frankel EG; Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA., Freedman BI; Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA., García-García L; Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Mexico., Genter P; Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA., Gerstein HC; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.; Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada.; Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada., Goodarzi MO; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA., Gordon-Larsen P; Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA., Graff M; Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA., Gross M; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55454, USA., Guo Y; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China., Guo X; The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA., Hai Y; The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA., Hanis CL; Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA., Hayes M; Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.; Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA., Horikoshi M; Laboratory for Endocrinology, Metabolism and Kidney Diseases, RIKEN Centre for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan., Howard AG; Department of Biostatistics, Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA., Hsu S; Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, 2142, USA.; Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 2114, USA., Hsueh W; Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA., Huang W; Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies (SIBPT), Shanghai, 200032, China., Huang M; Center for Global Cardiometabolic Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.; Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA., Hung YJ; Division of Endocrine and Metabolism, Tri-Service General Hospital Songshan Branch, Taipei, Taiwan.; School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan., Hwang MY; Department of Precision Medicine, Division of Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28159, Republic of Korea., Hwu CM; Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.; School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan., Ichihara S; Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, 329-0498, Japan., Igase M; Department of Anti-aging Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan., Ipp E; Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA., Islam MT; U Chicago Research, Uttara, Dhaka, 1230, Bangladesh., Isono M; Department of Gene Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan., Jang HM; Department of Precision Medicine, Division of Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28159, Republic of Korea., Jasmine F; Biological Sciences Division, Public Health Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA., Jonas JB; Rothschild Foundation Hospital, Paris, France.; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore.; Privatpraxis Prof Jonas und Dr. Panda-Jonas, Heidelberg, Germany.; Beijing Visual Science and Translational Eye Research Institute (BERI), Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.; L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India., Joo YY; Department of Health and Biomedical Informatics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA., Kabagambe E; Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA., Kadowaki T; Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8654, Japan., Kamatani Y; Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Centre for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan.; Laboratory of Complex Trait Genomics, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan., Kandeel FR; Departments of Clinical Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism and Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA., Kardia SLR; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA., Karlson EW; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 2215, USA., Kasturiratne A; Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., Kato N; Department of Gene Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan., Katsuya T; Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.; Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan., Kaur V; Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, 2142, USA.; Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 2114, USA.; Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 2114, USA., Kawaguchi T; Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan., Keaton JM; Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.; Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA., Kho AN; Center for Health Information Partnerships, Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern UniversityFeinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.; Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA., Khor CC; Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, 138672, Singapore.; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, 168751, Singapore.; Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore., Kibriya M; Biological Sciences Division, Public Health Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA., Kim BJ; Department of Precision Medicine, Division of Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28159, Republic of Korea., Koh WP; Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, 117549, Singapore., Kohara K; Department of Regional Resource Management, Ehime University Faculty of Collaborative Regional Innovation, Ehime, 790-8577, Japan., Kooner JS; Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hosptial, London North West Healthcare NHS Trust, Middlesex, UB1 3HW, UK., Kooperberg C; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA., Kreienkamp RJ; Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, 2142, USA.; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 2215, USA.; Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 2114, USA.; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA., Lamri A; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.; Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada., Lange LA; Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA., Lee NR; Department of Anthropology, Sociology and History, University of San Carlos, Cebu City, 6000, Philippines., Lee MS; Severance Biomedical Science Institute and Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 3722, South Korea.; Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science, Cheonan, 31151, South Korea., Lee JJ; Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA., Lehman DM; Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA., Li L; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing, 100191, China., Li Y; Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA., Lim VJ; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, 117549, Singapore., Liu J; Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, 138672, Singapore.; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, 117549, Singapore., Liu Y; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.; Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA., Liu S; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The Joe Wen School of Population & Pubic Health, UCI, Irvine, CA, USA.; Center for Global Cardiometabolic Health and Nutrition, the University of California, Irvine (UCI), Irvine, CA, USA.; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, UCI, USA.; Center for Global Cardiometabolic Health, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA., Long J; Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA., Louie T; Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA., Luo X; Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA., Lv J; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing, 100191, China., Lynch JA; Salt Lake City VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.; University of Utah, School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA., Maeda S; Laboratory for Endocrinology, Metabolism and Kidney Diseases, RIKEN Centre for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan.; Department of Advanced Genomic and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, 903-0213, Japan.; Division of Clinical Laboratory and Blood Transfusion, University of the Ryukyus Hospital, Okinawa, 903-0213, Japan., Mahajan A; Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK., Maruthur NM; Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA., Matsuda F; Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan., McCarthy MI; Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK.; Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals Trust, Oxford, UK.; Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK., McKean-Cowdin R; Department of Preventative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA., Meigs JB; Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, 2142, USA.; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 2215, USA.; Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 2114, USA., Millwood IY; Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK., Mohlke KL; Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA., Motala AA; Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa., Nadkarni GN; The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.; Digital Health Center, Digitl Engineering Faculty of Hasso Plattner Institue and University Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany., Nadler JL; Department of Medicine and Endocrinology Division, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA., Nakatochi M; Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 461-8673, Japan., Nalls MA; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.; Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.; DataTecnica LLC, Washington, DC, USA., Nayak U; Department of Genome Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA., Nicolas A; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA., North KE; Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA., Nousome D; Department of Preventative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA., Okada Y; Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 565-0871, Japan.; Laboratory of Statistical Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.; Laboratory for Systems Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan., Pan I; Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA., Pankow JS; Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55454, USA., Paré G; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.; Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada.; Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada., Park J; Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA., Park KS; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 3080, South Korea.; Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, 3080, South Korea., Parra EJ; Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto at Mississauga, Mississauga, Canada., Patel SR; Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA., Pereira MA; Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55454, USA., Peyser PA; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA., Pirie FJ; Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa., Preuss M; The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA., Province MA; Division of Statistical Genomics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA., Psaty BM; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA., Raffel LJ; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, UCI Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA., Raffield LM; Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA., Rasmussen-Torvik LJ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA., Redline S; Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.; Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA., Reiner AP; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA., Rich SS; Department of Genome Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA., Rohde R; Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA., Roll K; The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA., Roshani R; Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA., Rotimi CN; Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA., Sabanayagam C; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, 168751, Singapore.; Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore., Saleheen D; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA., Sandow K; The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA., Schurmann C; Digital Health Center, Digitl Engineering Faculty of Hasso Plattner Institue and University Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.; Hasso Plattner Institute for Digital Health at Mount Sinai, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.; The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA., Shahriar M; Biological Sciences Division, Public Health Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA., Shaw DM; Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA., Sheu WH; School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.; Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.; School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.; Institutes of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Taiwan., Shi J; Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies (SIBPT), Shanghai, 200032, China., Shu XO; Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA., Shuey MM; Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA., Siddiqui MK; Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK., Smith JA; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.; Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA., Sofer T; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 2215, USA., Spracklen CN; Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 1003, USA., Stilp AM; Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA., Sun M; Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK., Tabara Y; Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan., Tai ES; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, 117549, Singapore.; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, 117549, Singapore.; Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore., Tajuddin SM; Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA., Takahashi A; Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Centre for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan.; Department of Genomic Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, 565-8565, Japan., Takeuchi F; Department of Gene Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan., Tan J; The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA., Taylor KD; The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA., Taylor K; Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, 2142, USA., Thameem F; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Health Science Center, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait., Tong L; Biological Sciences Division, Public Health Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA., Tsai FJ; Department of Medical Genetics and Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan., Tsao PS; Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.; VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA., Udler MS; Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, 2142, USA.; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 2215, USA.; Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 2114, USA.; Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 2114, USA., Valladares-Salgado A; Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquimica, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI, IMSS, Mexico City, Mexico., van Heel DA; 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MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK.; Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK., Whitsel EA; Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA., Wickremasinghe AR; Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., Wojcik GL; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA., Wong TY; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, 168751, Singapore.; Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.; Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, 119228, Singapore., Wu JY; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan., Xiang YB; State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.; Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China., Xiang AH; Department of Research & Evaluation, Division of Biostatistics Research, Kaiser Permanente of Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA., Yajnik CS; Diabetes Unit, King Edward Memorial Hospital and Research Centre, Pune, India., Yamamoto K; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, 830-0011, Japan., Yamauchi T; Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8654, Japan., Yanek LR; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA., Yao J; 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Technical University of Munich (TUM), TUM University Hospital, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Munich, 81675, Germany., Zhang L; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, 168751, Singapore., Zhang W; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK., Zheng W; Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37203, USA., Zonderman AB; Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA., Aguilar-Salinas CA; Unidad de Investigación de Enfermedades Metabólicas, Research Direction of the Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico.; Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Mexico City, Mexico., González-Villalpando C; Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Unidad de Investigacion en Diabetes y Riesgo Cardiovascular, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Mexico City, Mexico., Haiman CA; 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The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA., Moreno-Estrada A; Aging Research Center, Cinvestav Sede Sur, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City, Mexico., Morris AP; Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.; NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK., Orozco L; Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico., Rotter JI; The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA., Sanghera D; Department of Pediatrics, Section of Genetics, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma, OK, USA., Tusie-Luna T; Unidad de Biología Molecular y Medicina Genómica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México/Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico., Voight BF; Corporal Michael J. 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Crescenz Philadelphia VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA., Walters RG; Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK., Ge T; Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 2114, USA., Manning AK; Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Mongan Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 2114, USA.; Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, 2142, USA.; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 2215, USA., Loh M; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Clinical Sciences Building, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 308232, Singapore.; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London, UK.; Research Division, National Skin Centre, Singapore., Below JE; Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA., Sim X; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, 117549, Singapore., Mercader JM; Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, 2142, USA.; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 2215, USA.; Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 2114, USA.; Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 2114, USA.; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Genomic Mechanisms of Disease, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA., Ng MCY; Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA. |
| Corporate Authors: | ENSA Genomics Consortium, Genes & Health Research Team, VA Million Veteran Program, D-PRISM Consortium |
| Source: | MedRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences [medRxiv] 2025 Jul 23. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Jul 23. |
| Publication Type: | Journal Article; Preprint |
| Journal Info: | Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101767986 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet NLM ISO Abbreviation: medRxiv Subsets: PubMed not MEDLINE |
| Database: | MEDLINE Ultimate |
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