The genetic diversity of Indonesian cattle has been shaped by multiple introductions and adaptive introgression. - Wang X; Nursyifa C; Aninta SG; Garcia-Erill G; Bertola LD; Khan A; Kuja J; Hanghøj K; Meisner J; Bøggild T; Bradshaw CJA; Al-Chaer A; et al. (Nature communications, 2025)