Overestimated natural biological nitrogen fixation translates to an exaggerated CO2 fertilization effect in Earth system models.

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Title: Overestimated natural biological nitrogen fixation translates to an exaggerated CO2 fertilization effect in Earth system models.
Authors: Kou-Giesbrecht S; School of Resource and Environmental Management, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada., Reis Ely CR; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN 37830., Perakis SS; United States Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, Corvallis, OR 97331., Cleveland CC; Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, W.A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812., Menge DNL; Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027., Reed SC; United States Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center, Moab, UT 84532., Taylor BN; Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Roslindale, MA 02131., Batterman SA; Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545.; School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom.; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Ancon 0843-03092, Panama., Crews TE; The Land Institute, Salina, KS 67401., Dynarski KA; Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, W.A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812., Gei M; Association for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Minneapolis, MN 55406., Gundale MJ; Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umea 90183, Sweden., Herridge DF; School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia., Jovan SE; United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, OR 97204., Peoples MB; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia., Piipponen J; Department of Built Environment, Aalto University, Espoo 00076, Finland., Rodríguez-Caballero E; Centro de Investigación de Colecciones Científicas de la Universidad de Almería y Departamento de Agronomía, Universidad de Almería, Almería 04120, Spain.; Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz 55128, Germany., Salmon VG; Environmental Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831., Soper FM; Department of Biology and School of the Environment, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1B1, Canada., Staccone AP; Earthshot Labs, Mill Valley, CA 94941., Weber B; Division of Plant Sciences, Institute for Biology, University of Graz, Graz 8010, Austria., Williams CA; Graduate School of Geography, Clark University, Worcester, MA 01610., Wurzburger N; Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602.
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America [Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A] 2025 Dec 02; Vol. 122 (48), pp. e2514628122. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Nov 24.
Publication Type: Journal Article
Journal Info: Publisher: National Academy of Sciences Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 7505876 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1091-6490 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00278424 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Subsets: MEDLINE
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  Data: Overestimated natural biological nitrogen fixation translates to an exaggerated CO<subscript>2</subscript> fertilization effect in Earth system models.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Kou-Giesbrecht+S%22">Kou-Giesbrecht S</searchLink>; School of Resource and Environmental Management, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Reis+Ely+CR%22">Reis Ely CR</searchLink>; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN 37830.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Perakis+SS%22">Perakis SS</searchLink>; United States Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, Corvallis, OR 97331.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Cleveland+CC%22">Cleveland CC</searchLink>; Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, W.A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Menge+DNL%22">Menge DNL</searchLink>; Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Reed+SC%22">Reed SC</searchLink>; United States Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center, Moab, UT 84532.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Taylor+BN%22">Taylor BN</searchLink>; Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Roslindale, MA 02131.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Batterman+SA%22">Batterman SA</searchLink>; Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545.; School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom.; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Ancon 0843-03092, Panama.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Crews+TE%22">Crews TE</searchLink>; The Land Institute, Salina, KS 67401.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Dynarski+KA%22">Dynarski KA</searchLink>; Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, W.A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Gei+M%22">Gei M</searchLink>; Association for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Minneapolis, MN 55406.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Gundale+MJ%22">Gundale MJ</searchLink>; Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umea 90183, Sweden.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Herridge+DF%22">Herridge DF</searchLink>; School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Jovan+SE%22">Jovan SE</searchLink>; United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, OR 97204.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Peoples+MB%22">Peoples MB</searchLink>; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Piipponen+J%22">Piipponen J</searchLink>; Department of Built Environment, Aalto University, Espoo 00076, Finland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Rodríguez-Caballero+E%22">Rodríguez-Caballero E</searchLink>; Centro de Investigación de Colecciones Científicas de la Universidad de Almería y Departamento de Agronomía, Universidad de Almería, Almería 04120, Spain.; Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz 55128, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Salmon+VG%22">Salmon VG</searchLink>; Environmental Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Soper+FM%22">Soper FM</searchLink>; Department of Biology and School of the Environment, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1B1, Canada.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Staccone+AP%22">Staccone AP</searchLink>; Earthshot Labs, Mill Valley, CA 94941.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Weber+B%22">Weber B</searchLink>; Division of Plant Sciences, Institute for Biology, University of Graz, Graz 8010, Austria.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Williams+CA%22">Williams CA</searchLink>; Graduate School of Geography, Clark University, Worcester, MA 01610.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Wurzburger+N%22">Wurzburger N</searchLink>; Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%227505876%22">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</searchLink> [Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A] 2025 Dec 02; Vol. 122 (48), pp. e2514628122. <i>Date of Electronic Publication: </i>2025 Nov 24.
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