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Sharpening skills: the role of virtual simulation in enhancing spinal neurosurgical proficiency.

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Title: Sharpening skills: the role of virtual simulation in enhancing spinal neurosurgical proficiency.
Authors: Mazzapicchi E; Department of Neurosurgery, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana - AOUP, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.; Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, University of Milan, Milan, Italy., Innocenti N; Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, University of Milan, Milan, Italy - niccolo.innocenti@unimi.it., Restelli F; Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, University of Milan, Milan, Italy., Freguglia A; Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, University of Milan, Milan, Italy., Cojazzi VM; Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, University of Milan, Milan, Italy., Rossi D; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, University of Milan, Milan, Italy., Gammone M; Direzione Aziendale delle Professioni Sanitarie, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy., Acerbi F; Department of Neurosurgery, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana - AOUP, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy., Perin A; Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.; Besta NeuroSim Center, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy., Dimeco F; Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.; Department of Neurological Surgery Johns Hopkins Medical School, Baltimore, MD, USA., Costa F; Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
Source: Journal of neurosurgical sciences [J Neurosurg Sci] 2026 Apr; Vol. 70 (2), pp. 98-107. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Nov 26.
Publication Type: Journal Article
Journal Info: Publisher: Minerva Medica Country of Publication: Italy NLM ID: 0432557 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1827-1855 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 03905616 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Neurosurg Sci Subsets: MEDLINE
Database: MEDLINE Ultimate
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Mazzapicchi+E%22">Mazzapicchi E</searchLink>; Department of Neurosurgery, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana - AOUP, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.; Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Innocenti+N%22">Innocenti N</searchLink>; Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, University of Milan, Milan, Italy - niccolo.innocenti@unimi.it.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Restelli+F%22">Restelli F</searchLink>; Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Freguglia+A%22">Freguglia A</searchLink>; Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Cojazzi+VM%22">Cojazzi VM</searchLink>; Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Rossi+D%22">Rossi D</searchLink>; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Gammone+M%22">Gammone M</searchLink>; Direzione Aziendale delle Professioni Sanitarie, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Acerbi+F%22">Acerbi F</searchLink>; Department of Neurosurgery, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana - AOUP, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Perin+A%22">Perin A</searchLink>; Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.; Besta NeuroSim Center, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Dimeco+F%22">Dimeco F</searchLink>; Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.; Department of Neurological Surgery Johns Hopkins Medical School, Baltimore, MD, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Costa+F%22">Costa F</searchLink>; Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%220432557%22">Journal of neurosurgical sciences</searchLink> [J Neurosurg Sci] 2026 Apr; Vol. 70 (2), pp. 98-107. <i>Date of Electronic Publication: </i>2025 Nov 26.
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