Access to pediatric trauma centres in Canada: a population-based retrospective cohort study.
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| Title: | Access to pediatric trauma centres in Canada: a population-based retrospective cohort study. |
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| Authors: | Lapierre A; Department of Social and Preventive Medicine (Lapierre, Awlise, Moore), and Research Center CHU de Québec (Lapierre, Berube, Beaulieu, Berthelot, Moore), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Freire), Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto; Child Health Evaluative Sciences Program (Freire), Peter Gilgan Institute for Research and Learning, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Surgery, Medicine and Community Health Sciences (Yanchar), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Zemek), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Pediatric Surgery (Beaudin), CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Department of Pediatrics, Emergency Medicine, and Community Health Sciences (Stang), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Weiss, Beaulieu, Berthelot), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Division of Orthopaedic Surgery (Carsen), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine (Gagnon), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal Children's Hospital; School of Physical and Occupational Therapy (Gagnon), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University; Montreal Children's Hospital (Burstein), Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, McGill University Health Centre; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Occupational Health (Burstein), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Faculty of Nursing (Berube), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Department of Critical Care Medicine (Stelfox), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Stelfox), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Beno), Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Labrosse), Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; George & Fay Yee Centre for Health Care Innovation (Klassen), Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Division of General Surgery (Haas), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care (Tillmann), University of Toronto; Division of Respirology and Critical Care Medicine (Tillmann), Department of Medicine, University Health Network; Tory Trauma Program (Tillmann), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont.; Trauma Program (Priestap), London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Surgery (Merritt), Western University, London, Ont., Awlise C; Department of Social and Preventive Medicine (Lapierre, Awlise, Moore), and Research Center CHU de Québec (Lapierre, Berube, Beaulieu, Berthelot, Moore), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Freire), Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto; Child Health Evaluative Sciences Program (Freire), Peter Gilgan Institute for Research and Learning, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Surgery, Medicine and Community Health Sciences (Yanchar), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Zemek), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Pediatric Surgery (Beaudin), CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Department of Pediatrics, Emergency Medicine, and Community Health Sciences (Stang), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Weiss, Beaulieu, Berthelot), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Division of Orthopaedic Surgery (Carsen), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine (Gagnon), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal Children's Hospital; School of Physical and Occupational Therapy (Gagnon), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University; Montreal Children's Hospital (Burstein), Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, McGill University Health Centre; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Occupational Health (Burstein), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Faculty of Nursing (Berube), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Department of Critical Care Medicine (Stelfox), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Stelfox), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Beno), Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Labrosse), Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; George & Fay Yee Centre for Health Care Innovation (Klassen), Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Division of General Surgery (Haas), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care (Tillmann), University of Toronto; Division of Respirology and Critical Care Medicine (Tillmann), Department of Medicine, University Health Network; Tory Trauma Program (Tillmann), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont.; Trauma Program (Priestap), London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Surgery (Merritt), Western University, London, Ont., Freire G; Department of Social and Preventive Medicine (Lapierre, Awlise, Moore), and Research Center CHU de Québec (Lapierre, Berube, Beaulieu, Berthelot, Moore), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Freire), Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto; Child Health Evaluative Sciences Program (Freire), Peter Gilgan Institute for Research and Learning, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Surgery, Medicine and Community Health Sciences (Yanchar), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Zemek), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Pediatric Surgery (Beaudin), CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Department of Pediatrics, Emergency Medicine, and Community Health Sciences (Stang), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Weiss, Beaulieu, Berthelot), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Division of Orthopaedic Surgery (Carsen), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine (Gagnon), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal Children's Hospital; School of Physical and Occupational Therapy (Gagnon), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University; Montreal Children's Hospital (Burstein), Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, McGill University Health Centre; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Occupational Health (Burstein), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Faculty of Nursing (Berube), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Department of Critical Care Medicine (Stelfox), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Stelfox), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Beno), Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Labrosse), Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; George & Fay Yee Centre for Health Care Innovation (Klassen), Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Division of General Surgery (Haas), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care (Tillmann), University of Toronto; Division of Respirology and Critical Care Medicine (Tillmann), Department of Medicine, University Health Network; Tory Trauma Program (Tillmann), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont.; Trauma Program (Priestap), London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Surgery (Merritt), Western University, London, Ont., Yanchar NL; Department of Social and Preventive Medicine (Lapierre, Awlise, Moore), and Research Center CHU de Québec (Lapierre, Berube, Beaulieu, Berthelot, Moore), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Freire), Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto; Child Health Evaluative Sciences Program (Freire), Peter Gilgan Institute for Research and Learning, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Surgery, Medicine and Community Health Sciences (Yanchar), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Zemek), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Pediatric Surgery (Beaudin), CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Department of Pediatrics, Emergency Medicine, and Community Health Sciences (Stang), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Weiss, Beaulieu, Berthelot), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Division of Orthopaedic Surgery (Carsen), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine (Gagnon), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal Children's Hospital; School of Physical and Occupational Therapy (Gagnon), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University; Montreal Children's Hospital (Burstein), Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, McGill University Health Centre; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Occupational Health (Burstein), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Faculty of Nursing (Berube), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Department of Critical Care Medicine (Stelfox), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Stelfox), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Beno), Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Labrosse), Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; George & Fay Yee Centre for Health Care Innovation (Klassen), Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Division of General Surgery (Haas), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care (Tillmann), University of Toronto; Division of Respirology and Critical Care Medicine (Tillmann), Department of Medicine, University Health Network; Tory Trauma Program (Tillmann), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont.; Trauma Program (Priestap), London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Surgery (Merritt), Western University, London, Ont., Zemek R; Department of Social and Preventive Medicine (Lapierre, Awlise, Moore), and Research Center CHU de Québec (Lapierre, Berube, Beaulieu, Berthelot, Moore), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Freire), Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto; Child Health Evaluative Sciences Program (Freire), Peter Gilgan Institute for Research and Learning, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Surgery, Medicine and Community Health Sciences (Yanchar), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Zemek), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Pediatric Surgery (Beaudin), CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Department of Pediatrics, Emergency Medicine, and Community Health Sciences (Stang), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Weiss, Beaulieu, Berthelot), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Division of Orthopaedic Surgery (Carsen), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine (Gagnon), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal Children's Hospital; School of Physical and Occupational Therapy (Gagnon), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University; Montreal Children's Hospital (Burstein), Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, McGill University Health Centre; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Occupational Health (Burstein), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Faculty of Nursing (Berube), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Department of Critical Care Medicine (Stelfox), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Stelfox), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Beno), Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Labrosse), Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; George & Fay Yee Centre for Health Care Innovation (Klassen), Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Division of General Surgery (Haas), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care (Tillmann), University of Toronto; Division of Respirology and Critical Care Medicine (Tillmann), Department of Medicine, University Health Network; Tory Trauma Program (Tillmann), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont.; Trauma Program (Priestap), London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Surgery (Merritt), Western University, London, Ont., Beaudin M; Department of Social and Preventive Medicine (Lapierre, Awlise, Moore), and Research Center CHU de Québec (Lapierre, Berube, Beaulieu, Berthelot, Moore), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Freire), Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto; Child Health Evaluative Sciences Program (Freire), Peter Gilgan Institute for Research and Learning, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Surgery, Medicine and Community Health Sciences (Yanchar), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Zemek), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Pediatric Surgery (Beaudin), CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Department of Pediatrics, Emergency Medicine, and Community Health Sciences (Stang), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Weiss, Beaulieu, Berthelot), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Division of Orthopaedic Surgery (Carsen), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine (Gagnon), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal Children's Hospital; School of Physical and Occupational Therapy (Gagnon), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University; Montreal Children's Hospital (Burstein), Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, McGill University Health Centre; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Occupational Health (Burstein), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Faculty of Nursing (Berube), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Department of Critical Care Medicine (Stelfox), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Stelfox), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Beno), Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Labrosse), Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; George & Fay Yee Centre for Health Care Innovation (Klassen), Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Division of General Surgery (Haas), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care (Tillmann), University of Toronto; Division of Respirology and Critical Care Medicine (Tillmann), Department of Medicine, University Health Network; Tory Trauma Program (Tillmann), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont.; Trauma Program (Priestap), London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Surgery (Merritt), Western University, London, Ont., Stang A; Department of Social and Preventive Medicine (Lapierre, Awlise, Moore), and Research Center CHU de Québec (Lapierre, Berube, Beaulieu, Berthelot, Moore), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Freire), Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto; Child Health Evaluative Sciences Program (Freire), Peter Gilgan Institute for Research and Learning, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Surgery, Medicine and Community Health Sciences (Yanchar), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Zemek), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Pediatric Surgery (Beaudin), CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Department of Pediatrics, Emergency Medicine, and Community Health Sciences (Stang), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Weiss, Beaulieu, Berthelot), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Division of Orthopaedic Surgery (Carsen), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine (Gagnon), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal Children's Hospital; School of Physical and Occupational Therapy (Gagnon), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University; Montreal Children's Hospital (Burstein), Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, McGill University Health Centre; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Occupational Health (Burstein), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Faculty of Nursing (Berube), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Department of Critical Care Medicine (Stelfox), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Stelfox), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Beno), Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Labrosse), Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; George & Fay Yee Centre for Health Care Innovation (Klassen), Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Division of General Surgery (Haas), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care (Tillmann), University of Toronto; Division of Respirology and Critical Care Medicine (Tillmann), Department of Medicine, University Health Network; Tory Trauma Program (Tillmann), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont.; Trauma Program (Priestap), London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Surgery (Merritt), Western University, London, Ont., Weiss M; Department of Social and Preventive Medicine (Lapierre, Awlise, Moore), and Research Center CHU de Québec (Lapierre, Berube, Beaulieu, Berthelot, Moore), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Freire), Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto; Child Health Evaluative Sciences Program (Freire), Peter Gilgan Institute for Research and Learning, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Surgery, Medicine and Community Health Sciences (Yanchar), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Zemek), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Pediatric Surgery (Beaudin), CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Department of Pediatrics, Emergency Medicine, and Community Health Sciences (Stang), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Weiss, Beaulieu, Berthelot), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Division of Orthopaedic Surgery (Carsen), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine (Gagnon), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal Children's Hospital; School of Physical and Occupational Therapy (Gagnon), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University; Montreal Children's Hospital (Burstein), Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, McGill University Health Centre; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Occupational Health (Burstein), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Faculty of Nursing (Berube), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Department of Critical Care Medicine (Stelfox), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Stelfox), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Beno), Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Labrosse), Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; George & Fay Yee Centre for Health Care Innovation (Klassen), Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Division of General Surgery (Haas), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care (Tillmann), University of Toronto; Division of Respirology and Critical Care Medicine (Tillmann), Department of Medicine, University Health Network; Tory Trauma Program (Tillmann), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont.; Trauma Program (Priestap), London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Surgery (Merritt), Western University, London, Ont., Carsen S; Department of Social and Preventive Medicine (Lapierre, Awlise, Moore), and Research Center CHU de Québec (Lapierre, Berube, Beaulieu, Berthelot, Moore), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Freire), Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto; Child Health Evaluative Sciences Program (Freire), Peter Gilgan Institute for Research and Learning, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Surgery, Medicine and Community Health Sciences (Yanchar), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Zemek), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Pediatric Surgery (Beaudin), CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Department of Pediatrics, Emergency Medicine, and Community Health Sciences (Stang), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Weiss, Beaulieu, Berthelot), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Division of Orthopaedic Surgery (Carsen), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine (Gagnon), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal Children's Hospital; School of Physical and Occupational Therapy (Gagnon), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University; Montreal Children's Hospital (Burstein), Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, McGill University Health Centre; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Occupational Health (Burstein), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Faculty of Nursing (Berube), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Department of Critical Care Medicine (Stelfox), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Stelfox), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Beno), Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Labrosse), Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; George & Fay Yee Centre for Health Care Innovation (Klassen), Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Division of General Surgery (Haas), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care (Tillmann), University of Toronto; Division of Respirology and Critical Care Medicine (Tillmann), Department of Medicine, University Health Network; Tory Trauma Program (Tillmann), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont.; Trauma Program (Priestap), London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Surgery (Merritt), Western University, London, Ont., Gagnon I; Department of Social and Preventive Medicine (Lapierre, Awlise, Moore), and Research Center CHU de Québec (Lapierre, Berube, Beaulieu, Berthelot, Moore), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Freire), Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto; Child Health Evaluative Sciences Program (Freire), Peter Gilgan Institute for Research and Learning, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Surgery, Medicine and Community Health Sciences (Yanchar), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Zemek), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Pediatric Surgery (Beaudin), CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Department of Pediatrics, Emergency Medicine, and Community Health Sciences (Stang), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Weiss, Beaulieu, Berthelot), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Division of Orthopaedic Surgery (Carsen), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine (Gagnon), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal Children's Hospital; School of Physical and Occupational Therapy (Gagnon), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University; Montreal Children's Hospital (Burstein), Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, McGill University Health Centre; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Occupational Health (Burstein), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Faculty of Nursing (Berube), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Department of Critical Care Medicine (Stelfox), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Stelfox), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Beno), Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Labrosse), Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; George & Fay Yee Centre for Health Care Innovation (Klassen), Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Division of General Surgery (Haas), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care (Tillmann), University of Toronto; Division of Respirology and Critical Care Medicine (Tillmann), Department of Medicine, University Health Network; Tory Trauma Program (Tillmann), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont.; Trauma Program (Priestap), London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Surgery (Merritt), Western University, London, Ont., Burstein B; Department of Social and Preventive Medicine (Lapierre, Awlise, Moore), and Research Center CHU de Québec (Lapierre, Berube, Beaulieu, Berthelot, Moore), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Freire), Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto; Child Health Evaluative Sciences Program (Freire), Peter Gilgan Institute for Research and Learning, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Surgery, Medicine and Community Health Sciences (Yanchar), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Zemek), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Pediatric Surgery (Beaudin), CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Department of Pediatrics, Emergency Medicine, and Community Health Sciences (Stang), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Weiss, Beaulieu, Berthelot), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Division of Orthopaedic Surgery (Carsen), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine (Gagnon), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal Children's Hospital; School of Physical and Occupational Therapy (Gagnon), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University; Montreal Children's Hospital (Burstein), Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, McGill University Health Centre; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Occupational Health (Burstein), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Faculty of Nursing (Berube), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Department of Critical Care Medicine (Stelfox), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Stelfox), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Beno), Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Labrosse), Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; George & Fay Yee Centre for Health Care Innovation (Klassen), Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Division of General Surgery (Haas), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care (Tillmann), University of Toronto; Division of Respirology and Critical Care Medicine (Tillmann), Department of Medicine, University Health Network; Tory Trauma Program (Tillmann), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont.; Trauma Program (Priestap), London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Surgery (Merritt), Western University, London, Ont., Berube M; Department of Social and Preventive Medicine (Lapierre, Awlise, Moore), and Research Center CHU de Québec (Lapierre, Berube, Beaulieu, Berthelot, Moore), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Freire), Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto; Child Health Evaluative Sciences Program (Freire), Peter Gilgan Institute for Research and Learning, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Surgery, Medicine and Community Health Sciences (Yanchar), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Zemek), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Pediatric Surgery (Beaudin), CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Department of Pediatrics, Emergency Medicine, and Community Health Sciences (Stang), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Weiss, Beaulieu, Berthelot), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Division of Orthopaedic Surgery (Carsen), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine (Gagnon), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal Children's Hospital; School of Physical and Occupational Therapy (Gagnon), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University; Montreal Children's Hospital (Burstein), Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, McGill University Health Centre; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Occupational Health (Burstein), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Faculty of Nursing (Berube), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Department of Critical Care Medicine (Stelfox), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Stelfox), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Beno), Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Labrosse), Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; George & Fay Yee Centre for Health Care Innovation (Klassen), Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Division of General Surgery (Haas), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care (Tillmann), University of Toronto; Division of Respirology and Critical Care Medicine (Tillmann), Department of Medicine, University Health Network; Tory Trauma Program (Tillmann), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont.; Trauma Program (Priestap), London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Surgery (Merritt), Western University, London, Ont., Stelfox T; Department of Social and Preventive Medicine (Lapierre, Awlise, Moore), and Research Center CHU de Québec (Lapierre, Berube, Beaulieu, Berthelot, Moore), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Freire), Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto; Child Health Evaluative Sciences Program (Freire), Peter Gilgan Institute for Research and Learning, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Surgery, Medicine and Community Health Sciences (Yanchar), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Zemek), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Pediatric Surgery (Beaudin), CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Department of Pediatrics, Emergency Medicine, and Community Health Sciences (Stang), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Weiss, Beaulieu, Berthelot), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Division of Orthopaedic Surgery (Carsen), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine (Gagnon), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal Children's Hospital; School of Physical and Occupational Therapy (Gagnon), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University; Montreal Children's Hospital (Burstein), Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, McGill University Health Centre; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Occupational Health (Burstein), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Faculty of Nursing (Berube), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Department of Critical Care Medicine (Stelfox), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Stelfox), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Beno), Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Labrosse), Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; George & Fay Yee Centre for Health Care Innovation (Klassen), Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Division of General Surgery (Haas), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care (Tillmann), University of Toronto; Division of Respirology and Critical Care Medicine (Tillmann), Department of Medicine, University Health Network; Tory Trauma Program (Tillmann), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont.; Trauma Program (Priestap), London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Surgery (Merritt), Western University, London, Ont., Beno S; Department of Social and Preventive Medicine (Lapierre, Awlise, Moore), and Research Center CHU de Québec (Lapierre, Berube, Beaulieu, Berthelot, Moore), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Freire), Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto; Child Health Evaluative Sciences Program (Freire), Peter Gilgan Institute for Research and Learning, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Surgery, Medicine and Community Health Sciences (Yanchar), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Zemek), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Pediatric Surgery (Beaudin), CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Department of Pediatrics, Emergency Medicine, and Community Health Sciences (Stang), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Weiss, Beaulieu, Berthelot), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Division of Orthopaedic Surgery (Carsen), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine (Gagnon), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal Children's Hospital; School of Physical and Occupational Therapy (Gagnon), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University; Montreal Children's Hospital (Burstein), Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, McGill University Health Centre; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Occupational Health (Burstein), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Faculty of Nursing (Berube), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Department of Critical Care Medicine (Stelfox), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Stelfox), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Beno), Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Labrosse), Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; George & Fay Yee Centre for Health Care Innovation (Klassen), Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Division of General Surgery (Haas), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care (Tillmann), University of Toronto; Division of Respirology and Critical Care Medicine (Tillmann), Department of Medicine, University Health Network; Tory Trauma Program (Tillmann), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont.; Trauma Program (Priestap), London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Surgery (Merritt), Western University, London, Ont., Labrosse M; Department of Social and Preventive Medicine (Lapierre, Awlise, Moore), and Research Center CHU de Québec (Lapierre, Berube, Beaulieu, Berthelot, Moore), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Freire), Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto; Child Health Evaluative Sciences Program (Freire), Peter Gilgan Institute for Research and Learning, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Surgery, Medicine and Community Health Sciences (Yanchar), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Zemek), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Pediatric Surgery (Beaudin), CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Department of Pediatrics, Emergency Medicine, and Community Health Sciences (Stang), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Weiss, Beaulieu, Berthelot), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Division of Orthopaedic Surgery (Carsen), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine (Gagnon), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal Children's Hospital; School of Physical and Occupational Therapy (Gagnon), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University; Montreal Children's Hospital (Burstein), Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, McGill University Health Centre; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Occupational Health (Burstein), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Faculty of Nursing (Berube), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Department of Critical Care Medicine (Stelfox), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Stelfox), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Beno), Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Labrosse), Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; George & Fay Yee Centre for Health Care Innovation (Klassen), Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Division of General Surgery (Haas), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care (Tillmann), University of Toronto; Division of Respirology and Critical Care Medicine (Tillmann), Department of Medicine, University Health Network; Tory Trauma Program (Tillmann), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont.; Trauma Program (Priestap), London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Surgery (Merritt), Western University, London, Ont., Beaulieu E; Department of Social and Preventive Medicine (Lapierre, Awlise, Moore), and Research Center CHU de Québec (Lapierre, Berube, Beaulieu, Berthelot, Moore), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Freire), Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto; Child Health Evaluative Sciences Program (Freire), Peter Gilgan Institute for Research and Learning, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Surgery, Medicine and Community Health Sciences (Yanchar), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Zemek), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Pediatric Surgery (Beaudin), CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Department of Pediatrics, Emergency Medicine, and Community Health Sciences (Stang), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Weiss, Beaulieu, Berthelot), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Division of Orthopaedic Surgery (Carsen), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine (Gagnon), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal Children's Hospital; School of Physical and Occupational Therapy (Gagnon), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University; Montreal Children's Hospital (Burstein), Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, McGill University Health Centre; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Occupational Health (Burstein), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Faculty of Nursing (Berube), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Department of Critical Care Medicine (Stelfox), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Stelfox), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Beno), Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Labrosse), Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; George & Fay Yee Centre for Health Care Innovation (Klassen), Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Division of General Surgery (Haas), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care (Tillmann), University of Toronto; Division of Respirology and Critical Care Medicine (Tillmann), Department of Medicine, University Health Network; Tory Trauma Program (Tillmann), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont.; Trauma Program (Priestap), London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Surgery (Merritt), Western University, London, Ont., Berthelot S; Department of Social and Preventive Medicine (Lapierre, Awlise, Moore), and Research Center CHU de Québec (Lapierre, Berube, Beaulieu, Berthelot, Moore), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Freire), Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto; Child Health Evaluative Sciences Program (Freire), Peter Gilgan Institute for Research and Learning, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Surgery, Medicine and Community Health Sciences (Yanchar), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Zemek), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Pediatric Surgery (Beaudin), CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Department of Pediatrics, Emergency Medicine, and Community Health Sciences (Stang), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Weiss, Beaulieu, Berthelot), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Division of Orthopaedic Surgery (Carsen), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine (Gagnon), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal Children's Hospital; School of Physical and Occupational Therapy (Gagnon), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University; Montreal Children's Hospital (Burstein), Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, McGill University Health Centre; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Occupational Health (Burstein), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Faculty of Nursing (Berube), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Department of Critical Care Medicine (Stelfox), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Stelfox), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Beno), Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Labrosse), Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; George & Fay Yee Centre for Health Care Innovation (Klassen), Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Division of General Surgery (Haas), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care (Tillmann), University of Toronto; Division of Respirology and Critical Care Medicine (Tillmann), Department of Medicine, University Health Network; Tory Trauma Program (Tillmann), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont.; Trauma Program (Priestap), London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Surgery (Merritt), Western University, London, Ont., Klassen T; Department of Social and Preventive Medicine (Lapierre, Awlise, Moore), and Research Center CHU de Québec (Lapierre, Berube, Beaulieu, Berthelot, Moore), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Freire), Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto; Child Health Evaluative Sciences Program (Freire), Peter Gilgan Institute for Research and Learning, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Surgery, Medicine and Community Health Sciences (Yanchar), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Zemek), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Pediatric Surgery (Beaudin), CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Department of Pediatrics, Emergency Medicine, and Community Health Sciences (Stang), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Weiss, Beaulieu, Berthelot), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Division of Orthopaedic Surgery (Carsen), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine (Gagnon), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal Children's Hospital; School of Physical and Occupational Therapy (Gagnon), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University; Montreal Children's Hospital (Burstein), Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, McGill University Health Centre; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Occupational Health (Burstein), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Faculty of Nursing (Berube), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Department of Critical Care Medicine (Stelfox), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Stelfox), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Beno), Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Labrosse), Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; George & Fay Yee Centre for Health Care Innovation (Klassen), Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Division of General Surgery (Haas), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care (Tillmann), University of Toronto; Division of Respirology and Critical Care Medicine (Tillmann), Department of Medicine, University Health Network; Tory Trauma Program (Tillmann), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont.; Trauma Program (Priestap), London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Surgery (Merritt), Western University, London, Ont., Haas B; Department of Social and Preventive Medicine (Lapierre, Awlise, Moore), and Research Center CHU de Québec (Lapierre, Berube, Beaulieu, Berthelot, Moore), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Freire), Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto; Child Health Evaluative Sciences Program (Freire), Peter Gilgan Institute for Research and Learning, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Surgery, Medicine and Community Health Sciences (Yanchar), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Zemek), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Pediatric Surgery (Beaudin), CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Department of Pediatrics, Emergency Medicine, and Community Health Sciences (Stang), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Weiss, Beaulieu, Berthelot), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Division of Orthopaedic Surgery (Carsen), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine (Gagnon), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal Children's Hospital; School of Physical and Occupational Therapy (Gagnon), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University; Montreal Children's Hospital (Burstein), Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, McGill University Health Centre; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Occupational Health (Burstein), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Faculty of Nursing (Berube), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Department of Critical Care Medicine (Stelfox), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Stelfox), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Beno), Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Labrosse), Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; George & Fay Yee Centre for Health Care Innovation (Klassen), Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Division of General Surgery (Haas), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care (Tillmann), University of Toronto; Division of Respirology and Critical Care Medicine (Tillmann), Department of Medicine, University Health Network; Tory Trauma Program (Tillmann), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont.; Trauma Program (Priestap), London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Surgery (Merritt), Western University, London, Ont., Tillmann BW; Department of Social and Preventive Medicine (Lapierre, Awlise, Moore), and Research Center CHU de Québec (Lapierre, Berube, Beaulieu, Berthelot, Moore), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Freire), Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto; Child Health Evaluative Sciences Program (Freire), Peter Gilgan Institute for Research and Learning, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Surgery, Medicine and Community Health Sciences (Yanchar), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Zemek), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Pediatric Surgery (Beaudin), CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Department of Pediatrics, Emergency Medicine, and Community Health Sciences (Stang), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Weiss, Beaulieu, Berthelot), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Division of Orthopaedic Surgery (Carsen), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine (Gagnon), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal Children's Hospital; School of Physical and Occupational Therapy (Gagnon), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University; Montreal Children's Hospital (Burstein), Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, McGill University Health Centre; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Occupational Health (Burstein), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Faculty of Nursing (Berube), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Department of Critical Care Medicine (Stelfox), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Stelfox), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Beno), Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Labrosse), Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; George & Fay Yee Centre for Health Care Innovation (Klassen), Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Division of General Surgery (Haas), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care (Tillmann), University of Toronto; Division of Respirology and Critical Care Medicine (Tillmann), Department of Medicine, University Health Network; Tory Trauma Program (Tillmann), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont.; Trauma Program (Priestap), London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Surgery (Merritt), Western University, London, Ont., Priestap F; Department of Social and Preventive Medicine (Lapierre, Awlise, Moore), and Research Center CHU de Québec (Lapierre, Berube, Beaulieu, Berthelot, Moore), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Freire), Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto; Child Health Evaluative Sciences Program (Freire), Peter Gilgan Institute for Research and Learning, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Surgery, Medicine and Community Health Sciences (Yanchar), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Zemek), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Pediatric Surgery (Beaudin), CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Department of Pediatrics, Emergency Medicine, and Community Health Sciences (Stang), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Weiss, Beaulieu, Berthelot), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Division of Orthopaedic Surgery (Carsen), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine (Gagnon), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal Children's Hospital; School of Physical and Occupational Therapy (Gagnon), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University; Montreal Children's Hospital (Burstein), Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, McGill University Health Centre; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Occupational Health (Burstein), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Faculty of Nursing (Berube), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Department of Critical Care Medicine (Stelfox), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Stelfox), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Beno), Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Labrosse), Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; George & Fay Yee Centre for Health Care Innovation (Klassen), Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Division of General Surgery (Haas), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care (Tillmann), University of Toronto; Division of Respirology and Critical Care Medicine (Tillmann), Department of Medicine, University Health Network; Tory Trauma Program (Tillmann), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont.; Trauma Program (Priestap), London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Surgery (Merritt), Western University, London, Ont., Merritt N; Department of Social and Preventive Medicine (Lapierre, Awlise, Moore), and Research Center CHU de Québec (Lapierre, Berube, Beaulieu, Berthelot, Moore), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Freire), Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto; Child Health Evaluative Sciences Program (Freire), Peter Gilgan Institute for Research and Learning, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Surgery, Medicine and Community Health Sciences (Yanchar), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Zemek), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Pediatric Surgery (Beaudin), CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Department of Pediatrics, Emergency Medicine, and Community Health Sciences (Stang), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Weiss, Beaulieu, Berthelot), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Division of Orthopaedic Surgery (Carsen), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine (Gagnon), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal Children's Hospital; School of Physical and Occupational Therapy (Gagnon), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University; Montreal Children's Hospital (Burstein), Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, McGill University Health Centre; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Occupational Health (Burstein), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Faculty of Nursing (Berube), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Department of Critical Care Medicine (Stelfox), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Stelfox), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Beno), Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Labrosse), Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; George & Fay Yee Centre for Health Care Innovation (Klassen), Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Division of General Surgery (Haas), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care (Tillmann), University of Toronto; Division of Respirology and Critical Care Medicine (Tillmann), Department of Medicine, University Health Network; Tory Trauma Program (Tillmann), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont.; Trauma Program (Priestap), London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Surgery (Merritt), Western University, London, Ont., Moore L; Department of Social and Preventive Medicine (Lapierre, Awlise, Moore), and Research Center CHU de Québec (Lapierre, Berube, Beaulieu, Berthelot, Moore), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Freire), Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto; Child Health Evaluative Sciences Program (Freire), Peter Gilgan Institute for Research and Learning, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Surgery, Medicine and Community Health Sciences (Yanchar), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Zemek), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Pediatric Surgery (Beaudin), CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Department of Pediatrics, Emergency Medicine, and Community Health Sciences (Stang), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Weiss, Beaulieu, Berthelot), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Division of Orthopaedic Surgery (Carsen), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine (Gagnon), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal Children's Hospital; School of Physical and Occupational Therapy (Gagnon), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University; Montreal Children's Hospital (Burstein), Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, McGill University Health Centre; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Occupational Health (Burstein), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Faculty of Nursing (Berube), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Department of Critical Care Medicine (Stelfox), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Stelfox), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Beno), Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Labrosse), Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; George & Fay Yee Centre for Health Care Innovation (Klassen), Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Division of General Surgery (Haas), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care (Tillmann), University of Toronto; Division of Respirology and Critical Care Medicine (Tillmann), Department of Medicine, University Health Network; Tory Trauma Program (Tillmann), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont.; Trauma Program (Priestap), London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Surgery (Merritt), Western University, London, Ont. lynne.moore@fmed.ulaval.ca. |
| Source: | CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne [CMAJ] 2025 Dec 14; Vol. 197 (43), pp. E1472-E1478. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Dec 14. |
| Publication Type: | Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't |
| Journal Info: | Publisher: Canadian Medical Association Country of Publication: Canada NLM ID: 9711805 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1488-2329 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 08203946 NLM ISO Abbreviation: CMAJ Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Database: | MEDLINE Ultimate |
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