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A microenvironment-determined risk continuum refines subtyping in meningioma and reveals determinants of machine learning-based tumor classification.

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Title: A microenvironment-determined risk continuum refines subtyping in meningioma and reveals determinants of machine learning-based tumor classification.
Authors: Maas SLN; Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands. S.L.N.Maas@lumc.nl.; Department of Pathology, Brain Tumor Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. S.L.N.Maas@lumc.nl., Tang Y; Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.; Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.; Division of AI in Oncology, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany., Stutheit-Zhao E; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.; Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany., Rahmanzade R; Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.; Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.; Institute of Pathology, Ludwig Maximilians University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany., Blume C; Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.; Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany., Hielscher T; Department of Biostatistics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany., Zettl F; Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.; Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany., Benfatto S; Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA., Calafato D; Division of AI in Oncology, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.; Systems Immunology & Single-Cell Biology, Heidelberg, Germany., Sill M; Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany.; Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany., Benotmane JK; Translational Neurosurgery, Neurosurgical Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany., Yabo YA; Translational Neurosurgery, Neurosurgical Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany., Behling F; Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany.; Translational oncological Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Augsburg University, Augsburg, Germany., Suwala A; Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.; Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany., Kardo H; Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.; Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany., Ritter M; Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.; Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany., Peyre M; Sorbonne Université - Department of Neurosurgery, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP, Paris, France.; Neurovascular interfaces in Brain Tumors and vascular malformations - CRICM INSERM U1127 CNRS UMR 7225 - Brain Institute, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France., Sankowski R; Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany., Okonechnikov K; Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany.; Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany., Sievers P; Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.; Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany., Patel A; Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.; Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany., Reuss D; Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.; Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany., Friedrich MJ; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), JRG Hematology and Immune Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany.; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), DKFZ, Core Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.; Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), Heidelberg, Germany.; Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany., Stichel D; Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.; Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany., Schrimpf D; Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.; Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany., Van den Bosch TPP; Department of Pathology, Brain Tumor Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands., Beck K; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), DKFZ, Core Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.; Division of Translational Medical Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.; National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), NCT Heidelberg, a partnership between DKFZ and Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany., Wirsching HG; Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.; Department of Neurology, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland., Jungwirth G; Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany., Hanemann CO; Faculty of Health, Peninsula Medical School, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK., Lamszus K; Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany., Etminan N; Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany., Unterberg A; Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany., Mawrin C; Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany., Remke M; Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center of Saarland, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany., Ayrault O; Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U1330/CNRS EMR 8001. Children's Oncology Research Unit (CONCERT), Paris, France.; Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM U1330/CNRS EMR 8001. Children's Oncology Research Unit (CONCERT), Paris, France., Lichter P; Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), and NCT Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany., Reifenberger G; Institute of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University, Medical Faculty, and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany., Platten M; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), DKFZ, Core Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.; Department of Neurology, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany., Kacprowski T; Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.; Institute of Data Science in Biomedicine, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.; Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), TU Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany., List M; Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.; Data Science in Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany., Pauling JK; LipiTUM, Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.; CIOBio, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany., Baumbach J; Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.; Institute for Computational Systems Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.; Computational Biomedicine Lab, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark., Milde T; Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany.; University Hospital Jena, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.; Comprehensive Cancer Center Central Germany (CCCG), Jena, Germany.; Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Oncology, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany., Grossmann R; Department of Neurosurgery, Rambam Health Care Campus, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel., Ram Z; Department of Neurosurgery, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel, and School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel., Ratliff M; Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany., Mallm JP; Single-cell Open Lab, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany., Neidert MC; Department of Neurosurgery and Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.; Department of Neurosurgery, HOCH Health Ostschweiz, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland., Bos EM; Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands., Prinz M; Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.; Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany., Weller M; Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland., Acker T; Institute of Neuropathology, Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, Giessen, Germany., Hartmann FJ; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.; Systems Immunology & Single-Cell Biology, Heidelberg, Germany.; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), DKFZ, Core Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany., Preusser M; Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria., Tabatabai G; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany., Herold-Mende C; Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany., Krieg SM; Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany., Jones DTW; Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany.; Pediatric Glioma Research Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany., Pfister SM; Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany.; Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.; National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), NCT Heidelberg, a partnership between DKFZ and Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.; Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany., Wick W; Department of Neurology and Neurooncology Program, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg University & German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany., Kalamarides M; Sorbonne Université - Department of Neurosurgery, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP, Paris, France.; Neurovascular interfaces in Brain Tumors and vascular malformations - CRICM INSERM U1127 CNRS UMR 7225 - Brain Institute, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France., von Deimling A; Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.; Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany., Heiland DH; Translational Neurosurgery, Neurosurgical Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.; Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Centre-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.; Microenvironment and Immunology Research Laboratory, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Nürnberg-Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.; Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.; Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, and Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Northwestern Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.; Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg University, Freiburg, Germany., Hovestadt V; Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA., Gerstung M; Division of AI in Oncology, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.; Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.; Robert Bosch Center for Tumor Diseases, Stuttgart, Germany.; Medical Faculty, Eberhard-Karls-University, Tübingen, Germany.; University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany., Schlesner M; Biomedical Informatics, Data Mining and Data Analytics, Faculty of Applied Computer Science and Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany., Sahm F; Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. Felix.Sahm@med.uni-heidelberg.de.; Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany. Felix.Sahm@med.uni-heidelberg.de.
Corporate Authors: German “Aggressive Meningiomas” Consortium (KAM)
Source: Nature genetics [Nat Genet] 2026 Feb; Vol. 58 (2), pp. 341-354. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Feb 09.
Publication Type: Journal Article
Journal Info: Publisher: Nature Pub. Co Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 9216904 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1546-1718 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 10614036 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Nat Genet Subsets: MEDLINE
Database: MEDLINE Ultimate
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  Data: A microenvironment-determined risk continuum refines subtyping in meningioma and reveals determinants of machine learning-based tumor classification.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Maas+SLN%22">Maas SLN</searchLink>; Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands. S.L.N.Maas@lumc.nl.; Department of Pathology, Brain Tumor Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. S.L.N.Maas@lumc.nl.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Tang+Y%22">Tang Y</searchLink>; Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.; Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.; Division of AI in Oncology, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Stutheit-Zhao+E%22">Stutheit-Zhao E</searchLink>; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.; Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Rahmanzade+R%22">Rahmanzade R</searchLink>; Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.; Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.; Institute of Pathology, Ludwig Maximilians University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Blume+C%22">Blume C</searchLink>; Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.; Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Hielscher+T%22">Hielscher T</searchLink>; Department of Biostatistics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Zettl+F%22">Zettl F</searchLink>; Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.; Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Benfatto+S%22">Benfatto S</searchLink>; Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Calafato+D%22">Calafato D</searchLink>; Division of AI in Oncology, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.; Systems Immunology & Single-Cell Biology, Heidelberg, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Sill+M%22">Sill M</searchLink>; Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany.; Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Benotmane+JK%22">Benotmane JK</searchLink>; Translational Neurosurgery, Neurosurgical Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Yabo+YA%22">Yabo YA</searchLink>; Translational Neurosurgery, Neurosurgical Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Behling+F%22">Behling F</searchLink>; Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany.; Translational oncological Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Augsburg University, Augsburg, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Suwala+A%22">Suwala A</searchLink>; Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.; Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Kardo+H%22">Kardo H</searchLink>; Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.; Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Ritter+M%22">Ritter M</searchLink>; Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.; Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Peyre+M%22">Peyre M</searchLink>; Sorbonne Université - Department of Neurosurgery, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP, Paris, France.; Neurovascular interfaces in Brain Tumors and vascular malformations - CRICM INSERM U1127 CNRS UMR 7225 - Brain Institute, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Sankowski+R%22">Sankowski R</searchLink>; Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Okonechnikov+K%22">Okonechnikov K</searchLink>; Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany.; Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Sievers+P%22">Sievers P</searchLink>; Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.; Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Patel+A%22">Patel A</searchLink>; Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.; Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Reuss+D%22">Reuss D</searchLink>; Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.; Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Friedrich+MJ%22">Friedrich MJ</searchLink>; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), JRG Hematology and Immune Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany.; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), DKFZ, Core Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.; Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), Heidelberg, Germany.; Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Stichel+D%22">Stichel D</searchLink>; Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.; Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Schrimpf+D%22">Schrimpf D</searchLink>; Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.; Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Van+den+Bosch+TPP%22">Van den Bosch TPP</searchLink>; Department of Pathology, Brain Tumor Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Beck+K%22">Beck K</searchLink>; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), DKFZ, Core Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.; Division of Translational Medical Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.; National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), NCT Heidelberg, a partnership between DKFZ and Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Wirsching+HG%22">Wirsching HG</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.; Department of Neurology, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Jungwirth+G%22">Jungwirth G</searchLink>; Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Hanemann+CO%22">Hanemann CO</searchLink>; Faculty of Health, Peninsula Medical School, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Lamszus+K%22">Lamszus K</searchLink>; Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Etminan+N%22">Etminan N</searchLink>; Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Unterberg+A%22">Unterberg A</searchLink>; Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Mawrin+C%22">Mawrin C</searchLink>; Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Remke+M%22">Remke M</searchLink>; Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center of Saarland, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Ayrault+O%22">Ayrault O</searchLink>; Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U1330/CNRS EMR 8001. Children's Oncology Research Unit (CONCERT), Paris, France.; Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM U1330/CNRS EMR 8001. Children's Oncology Research Unit (CONCERT), Paris, France.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Lichter+P%22">Lichter P</searchLink>; Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), and NCT Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Reifenberger+G%22">Reifenberger G</searchLink>; Institute of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University, Medical Faculty, and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Platten+M%22">Platten M</searchLink>; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), DKFZ, Core Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.; Department of Neurology, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Kacprowski+T%22">Kacprowski T</searchLink>; Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.; Institute of Data Science in Biomedicine, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.; Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), TU Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22List+M%22">List M</searchLink>; Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.; Data Science in Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Pauling+JK%22">Pauling JK</searchLink>; LipiTUM, Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.; CIOBio, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Baumbach+J%22">Baumbach J</searchLink>; Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.; Institute for Computational Systems Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.; Computational Biomedicine Lab, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Milde+T%22">Milde T</searchLink>; Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany.; University Hospital Jena, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.; Comprehensive Cancer Center Central Germany (CCCG), Jena, Germany.; Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Oncology, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Grossmann+R%22">Grossmann R</searchLink>; Department of Neurosurgery, Rambam Health Care Campus, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Ram+Z%22">Ram Z</searchLink>; Department of Neurosurgery, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel, and School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Ratliff+M%22">Ratliff M</searchLink>; Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Mallm+JP%22">Mallm JP</searchLink>; Single-cell Open Lab, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Neidert+MC%22">Neidert MC</searchLink>; Department of Neurosurgery and Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.; Department of Neurosurgery, HOCH Health Ostschweiz, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Bos+EM%22">Bos EM</searchLink>; Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Prinz+M%22">Prinz M</searchLink>; Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.; Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Weller+M%22">Weller M</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Acker+T%22">Acker T</searchLink>; Institute of Neuropathology, Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, Giessen, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Hartmann+FJ%22">Hartmann FJ</searchLink>; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.; Systems Immunology & Single-Cell Biology, Heidelberg, Germany.; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), DKFZ, Core Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Preusser+M%22">Preusser M</searchLink>; Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Tabatabai+G%22">Tabatabai G</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Herold-Mende+C%22">Herold-Mende C</searchLink>; Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Krieg+SM%22">Krieg SM</searchLink>; Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Jones+DTW%22">Jones DTW</searchLink>; Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany.; Pediatric Glioma Research Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Pfister+SM%22">Pfister SM</searchLink>; Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany.; Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.; National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), NCT Heidelberg, a partnership between DKFZ and Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.; Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Wick+W%22">Wick W</searchLink>; Department of Neurology and Neurooncology Program, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg University & German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Kalamarides+M%22">Kalamarides M</searchLink>; Sorbonne Université - Department of Neurosurgery, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP, Paris, France.; Neurovascular interfaces in Brain Tumors and vascular malformations - CRICM INSERM U1127 CNRS UMR 7225 - Brain Institute, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22von+Deimling+A%22">von Deimling A</searchLink>; Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.; Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Heiland+DH%22">Heiland DH</searchLink>; Translational Neurosurgery, Neurosurgical Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.; Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Centre-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.; Microenvironment and Immunology Research Laboratory, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Nürnberg-Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.; Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.; Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, and Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Northwestern Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.; Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg University, Freiburg, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Hovestadt+V%22">Hovestadt V</searchLink>; Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Gerstung+M%22">Gerstung M</searchLink>; Division of AI in Oncology, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.; Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.; Robert Bosch Center for Tumor Diseases, Stuttgart, Germany.; Medical Faculty, Eberhard-Karls-University, Tübingen, Germany.; University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Schlesner+M%22">Schlesner M</searchLink>; Biomedical Informatics, Data Mining and Data Analytics, Faculty of Applied Computer Science and Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Sahm+F%22">Sahm F</searchLink>; Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. Felix.Sahm@med.uni-heidelberg.de.; Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany. Felix.Sahm@med.uni-heidelberg.de.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%229216904%22">Nature genetics</searchLink> [Nat Genet] 2026 Feb; Vol. 58 (2), pp. 341-354. <i>Date of Electronic Publication: </i>2026 Feb 09.
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  Data: <i>Publisher: </i><searchLink fieldCode="PB" term="%22Nature+Pub%2E+Co%22">Nature Pub. Co </searchLink><i>Country of Publication: </i>United States <i>NLM ID: </i>9216904 <i>Publication Model: </i>Print-Electronic <i>Cited Medium: </i>Internet <i>ISSN: </i>1546-1718 (Electronic) <i>Linking ISSN: </i><searchLink fieldCode="IS" term="%2210614036%22">10614036 </searchLink><i>NLM ISO Abbreviation: </i>Nat Genet <i>Subsets: </i>MEDLINE
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