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The ethics of unlicensed therapy use in primary biliary cholangitis: a counter view.

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Title: The ethics of unlicensed therapy use in primary biliary cholangitis: a counter view.
Authors: Jones DEJ; Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK. david.jones@ncl.ac.uk., Mitchell-Thain R; PBC Foundation, Edinburgh, UK., Culver EL; Translational Gastroenterology and Liver Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.; National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK., Dyson JK; Liver Unit, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK., Gish RG; Hepatitis B Foundation, San Diego, CA, USA.; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA., Hansen BE; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; IHPME, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.; Toronto Center for Liver Disease, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada., Hirschfield GM; The Autoimmune and Rare Liver Disease Programme, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada., Kowdley KV; Liver Institute Northwest, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.; Velocity Clinical Research, Seattle, WA, USA., Lleo A; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy.; Internal Medicine and Liver Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy., Kremer AE; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland., Mayo MJ; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA., Swain MG; University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada., Trauner M; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria., Trivedi PJ; National Institute for Health and Care Research, Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Birmingham, UK.; Liver Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, UK., Vierling JM; Section of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Baylor Health, Houston, TX, USA., Weltman M; Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nepean Hospital, Kingswood, New South Wales, Australia., Yeoman AD; Aneurin Bevan University Health Board, Gwent Liver Unit, Newport, UK., Levy C; Division of Digestive Health and Liver Diseases and Schiff Center for Liver Diseases, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA., Carbone M; Division of Gastroenterology and Centre for Autoimmune Liver Disease, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.; Liver Unit, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy.
Source: Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology [Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol] 2026 Apr; Vol. 23 (4), pp. 368-369.
Publication Type: Letter
Journal Info: Publisher: Nature Pub. Group Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101500079 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1759-5053 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 17595045 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol Subsets: MEDLINE; In Process
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Jones+DEJ%22">Jones DEJ</searchLink>; Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK. david.jones@ncl.ac.uk.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Mitchell-Thain+R%22">Mitchell-Thain R</searchLink>; PBC Foundation, Edinburgh, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Culver+EL%22">Culver EL</searchLink>; Translational Gastroenterology and Liver Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.; National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Dyson+JK%22">Dyson JK</searchLink>; Liver Unit, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Gish+RG%22">Gish RG</searchLink>; Hepatitis B Foundation, San Diego, CA, USA.; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Hansen+BE%22">Hansen BE</searchLink>; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; IHPME, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.; Toronto Center for Liver Disease, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Hirschfield+GM%22">Hirschfield GM</searchLink>; The Autoimmune and Rare Liver Disease Programme, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Kowdley+KV%22">Kowdley KV</searchLink>; Liver Institute Northwest, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.; Velocity Clinical Research, Seattle, WA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Lleo+A%22">Lleo A</searchLink>; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy.; Internal Medicine and Liver Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Kremer+AE%22">Kremer AE</searchLink>; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Mayo+MJ%22">Mayo MJ</searchLink>; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Swain+MG%22">Swain MG</searchLink>; University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Trauner+M%22">Trauner M</searchLink>; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Trivedi+PJ%22">Trivedi PJ</searchLink>; National Institute for Health and Care Research, Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Birmingham, UK.; Liver Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Vierling+JM%22">Vierling JM</searchLink>; Section of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Baylor Health, Houston, TX, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Weltman+M%22">Weltman M</searchLink>; Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nepean Hospital, Kingswood, New South Wales, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Yeoman+AD%22">Yeoman AD</searchLink>; Aneurin Bevan University Health Board, Gwent Liver Unit, Newport, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Levy+C%22">Levy C</searchLink>; Division of Digestive Health and Liver Diseases and Schiff Center for Liver Diseases, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Carbone+M%22">Carbone M</searchLink>; Division of Gastroenterology and Centre for Autoimmune Liver Disease, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.; Liver Unit, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22101500079%22">Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology</searchLink> [Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol] 2026 Apr; Vol. 23 (4), pp. 368-369.
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