Identifying and avoiding design related biases in observational studies using the target trial framework.

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Title: Identifying and avoiding design related biases in observational studies using the target trial framework.
Authors: Hansford HJ; School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.; Centre for Pain IMPACT, Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia., Islam N; Primary Care Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK., Lee H; University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK.; EMEA Methods & Evidence Generation, IQVIA, London, UK., Dickerman BA; CAUSALab, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA., Cashin AG; Centre for Pain IMPACT, Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia.; School of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Source: BMJ medicine [BMJ Med] 2026 Feb 20; Vol. 5 (1), pp. e001280. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Feb 20 (Print Publication: 2026).
Publication Type: Journal Article
Journal Info: Publisher: BMJ Publishing Group Ltd Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 9918487584306676 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2754-0413 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 27540413 NLM ISO Abbreviation: BMJ Med Subsets: PubMed not MEDLINE
Database: MEDLINE Ultimate
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Hansford+HJ%22">Hansford HJ</searchLink>; School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.; Centre for Pain IMPACT, Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Islam+N%22">Islam N</searchLink>; Primary Care Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Lee+H%22">Lee H</searchLink>; University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK.; EMEA Methods & Evidence Generation, IQVIA, London, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Dickerman+BA%22">Dickerman BA</searchLink>; CAUSALab, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Cashin+AG%22">Cashin AG</searchLink>; Centre for Pain IMPACT, Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia.; School of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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        Value: 10.1136/bmjmed-2024-001280
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              Text: 2026 Feb 20
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