Sacral Dural Tears in Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension: Imaging Phenotype and Treatment Outcomes in a Multicenter Cohort.
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| Title: | Sacral Dural Tears in Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension: Imaging Phenotype and Treatment Outcomes in a Multicenter Cohort. |
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| Authors: | Callen AL; From the Departments of Radiology (A.L.C., D.M., D.B.), Neuroradiology Section, Neurology (A.L.W.), Neurosurgery (P.L.), University of Colorado AnschutzMedical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Radiology (T.J.A., P.G.K., A.M.), Duke University Medical Center; Department of Neurosurgery (J.B.), University of Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (E.B.), Monash Health, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurosurgery (A.E.B.), Department of Radiology (M.M.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; Department of Neuroradiology (F.C.), Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, France; Guys and St Thomas's and Kings College Hospital Foundation Trusts (L.C.J.), London, UK; University Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (T.D., E.I.P.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Radiology (M.D.M.), The Permanente Medical Group, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Santa Clara, Santa Clara, California; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (M.D.M.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Radiology (I.T.M.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Neurosurgery (F.V., K.W.), Department of Neuroradiology (U.N.L.), Medical Center- University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany. andrew.callen@cuanschutz.edu., Montes D; From the Departments of Radiology (A.L.C., D.M., D.B.), Neuroradiology Section, Neurology (A.L.W.), Neurosurgery (P.L.), University of Colorado AnschutzMedical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Radiology (T.J.A., P.G.K., A.M.), Duke University Medical Center; Department of Neurosurgery (J.B.), University of Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (E.B.), Monash Health, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurosurgery (A.E.B.), Department of Radiology (M.M.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; Department of Neuroradiology (F.C.), Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, France; Guys and St Thomas's and Kings College Hospital Foundation Trusts (L.C.J.), London, UK; University Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (T.D., E.I.P.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Radiology (M.D.M.), The Permanente Medical Group, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Santa Clara, Santa Clara, California; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (M.D.M.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Radiology (I.T.M.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Neurosurgery (F.V., K.W.), Department of Neuroradiology (U.N.L.), Medical Center- University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany., Amrhein TJ; From the Departments of Radiology (A.L.C., D.M., D.B.), Neuroradiology Section, Neurology (A.L.W.), Neurosurgery (P.L.), University of Colorado AnschutzMedical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Radiology (T.J.A., P.G.K., A.M.), Duke University Medical Center; Department of Neurosurgery (J.B.), University of Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (E.B.), Monash Health, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurosurgery (A.E.B.), Department of Radiology (M.M.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; Department of Neuroradiology (F.C.), Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, France; Guys and St Thomas's and Kings College Hospital Foundation Trusts (L.C.J.), London, UK; University Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (T.D., E.I.P.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Radiology (M.D.M.), The Permanente Medical Group, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Santa Clara, Santa Clara, California; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (M.D.M.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Radiology (I.T.M.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Neurosurgery (F.V., K.W.), Department of Neuroradiology (U.N.L.), Medical Center- University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany., Beck J; From the Departments of Radiology (A.L.C., D.M., D.B.), Neuroradiology Section, Neurology (A.L.W.), Neurosurgery (P.L.), University of Colorado AnschutzMedical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Radiology (T.J.A., P.G.K., A.M.), Duke University Medical Center; Department of Neurosurgery (J.B.), University of Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (E.B.), Monash Health, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurosurgery (A.E.B.), Department of Radiology (M.M.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; Department of Neuroradiology (F.C.), Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, France; Guys and St Thomas's and Kings College Hospital Foundation Trusts (L.C.J.), London, UK; University Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (T.D., E.I.P.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Radiology (M.D.M.), The Permanente Medical Group, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Santa Clara, Santa Clara, California; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (M.D.M.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Radiology (I.T.M.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Neurosurgery (F.V., K.W.), Department of Neuroradiology (U.N.L.), Medical Center- University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany., Barvulsky E; From the Departments of Radiology (A.L.C., D.M., D.B.), Neuroradiology Section, Neurology (A.L.W.), Neurosurgery (P.L.), University of Colorado AnschutzMedical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Radiology (T.J.A., P.G.K., A.M.), Duke University Medical Center; Department of Neurosurgery (J.B.), University of Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (E.B.), Monash Health, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurosurgery (A.E.B.), Department of Radiology (M.M.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; Department of Neuroradiology (F.C.), Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, France; Guys and St Thomas's and Kings College Hospital Foundation Trusts (L.C.J.), London, UK; University Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (T.D., E.I.P.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Radiology (M.D.M.), The Permanente Medical Group, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Santa Clara, Santa Clara, California; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (M.D.M.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Radiology (I.T.M.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Neurosurgery (F.V., K.W.), Department of Neuroradiology (U.N.L.), Medical Center- University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany., Bhaumik D; From the Departments of Radiology (A.L.C., D.M., D.B.), Neuroradiology Section, Neurology (A.L.W.), Neurosurgery (P.L.), University of Colorado AnschutzMedical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Radiology (T.J.A., P.G.K., A.M.), Duke University Medical Center; Department of Neurosurgery (J.B.), University of Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (E.B.), Monash Health, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurosurgery (A.E.B.), Department of Radiology (M.M.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; Department of Neuroradiology (F.C.), Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, France; Guys and St Thomas's and Kings College Hospital Foundation Trusts (L.C.J.), London, UK; University Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (T.D., E.I.P.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Radiology (M.D.M.), The Permanente Medical Group, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Santa Clara, Santa Clara, California; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (M.D.M.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Radiology (I.T.M.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Neurosurgery (F.V., K.W.), Department of Neuroradiology (U.N.L.), Medical Center- University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany., Boyke AE; From the Departments of Radiology (A.L.C., D.M., D.B.), Neuroradiology Section, Neurology (A.L.W.), Neurosurgery (P.L.), University of Colorado AnschutzMedical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Radiology (T.J.A., P.G.K., A.M.), Duke University Medical Center; Department of Neurosurgery (J.B.), University of Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (E.B.), Monash Health, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurosurgery (A.E.B.), Department of Radiology (M.M.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; Department of Neuroradiology (F.C.), Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, France; Guys and St Thomas's and Kings College Hospital Foundation Trusts (L.C.J.), London, UK; University Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (T.D., E.I.P.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Radiology (M.D.M.), The Permanente Medical Group, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Santa Clara, Santa Clara, California; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (M.D.M.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Radiology (I.T.M.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Neurosurgery (F.V., K.W.), Department of Neuroradiology (U.N.L.), Medical Center- University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany., Cagnazzo F; From the Departments of Radiology (A.L.C., D.M., D.B.), Neuroradiology Section, Neurology (A.L.W.), Neurosurgery (P.L.), University of Colorado AnschutzMedical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Radiology (T.J.A., P.G.K., A.M.), Duke University Medical Center; Department of Neurosurgery (J.B.), University of Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (E.B.), Monash Health, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurosurgery (A.E.B.), Department of Radiology (M.M.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; Department of Neuroradiology (F.C.), Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, France; Guys and St Thomas's and Kings College Hospital Foundation Trusts (L.C.J.), London, UK; University Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (T.D., E.I.P.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Radiology (M.D.M.), The Permanente Medical Group, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Santa Clara, Santa Clara, California; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (M.D.M.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Radiology (I.T.M.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Neurosurgery (F.V., K.W.), Department of Neuroradiology (U.N.L.), Medical Center- University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany., Carlton Jones L; From the Departments of Radiology (A.L.C., D.M., D.B.), Neuroradiology Section, Neurology (A.L.W.), Neurosurgery (P.L.), University of Colorado AnschutzMedical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Radiology (T.J.A., P.G.K., A.M.), Duke University Medical Center; Department of Neurosurgery (J.B.), University of Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (E.B.), Monash Health, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurosurgery (A.E.B.), Department of Radiology (M.M.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; Department of Neuroradiology (F.C.), Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, France; Guys and St Thomas's and Kings College Hospital Foundation Trusts (L.C.J.), London, UK; University Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (T.D., E.I.P.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Radiology (M.D.M.), The Permanente Medical Group, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Santa Clara, Santa Clara, California; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (M.D.M.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Radiology (I.T.M.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Neurosurgery (F.V., K.W.), Department of Neuroradiology (U.N.L.), Medical Center- University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany., Dobrocky T; From the Departments of Radiology (A.L.C., D.M., D.B.), Neuroradiology Section, Neurology (A.L.W.), Neurosurgery (P.L.), University of Colorado AnschutzMedical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Radiology (T.J.A., P.G.K., A.M.), Duke University Medical Center; Department of Neurosurgery (J.B.), University of Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (E.B.), Monash Health, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurosurgery (A.E.B.), Department of Radiology (M.M.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; Department of Neuroradiology (F.C.), Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, France; Guys and St Thomas's and Kings College Hospital Foundation Trusts (L.C.J.), London, UK; University Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (T.D., E.I.P.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Radiology (M.D.M.), The Permanente Medical Group, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Santa Clara, Santa Clara, California; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (M.D.M.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Radiology (I.T.M.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Neurosurgery (F.V., K.W.), Department of Neuroradiology (U.N.L.), Medical Center- University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany., Kranz PG; From the Departments of Radiology (A.L.C., D.M., D.B.), Neuroradiology Section, Neurology (A.L.W.), Neurosurgery (P.L.), University of Colorado AnschutzMedical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Radiology (T.J.A., P.G.K., A.M.), Duke University Medical Center; Department of Neurosurgery (J.B.), University of Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (E.B.), Monash Health, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurosurgery (A.E.B.), Department of Radiology (M.M.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; Department of Neuroradiology (F.C.), Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, France; Guys and St Thomas's and Kings College Hospital Foundation Trusts (L.C.J.), London, UK; University Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (T.D., E.I.P.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Radiology (M.D.M.), The Permanente Medical Group, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Santa Clara, Santa Clara, California; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (M.D.M.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Radiology (I.T.M.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Neurosurgery (F.V., K.W.), Department of Neuroradiology (U.N.L.), Medical Center- University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany., Lennarson P; From the Departments of Radiology (A.L.C., D.M., D.B.), Neuroradiology Section, Neurology (A.L.W.), Neurosurgery (P.L.), University of Colorado AnschutzMedical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Radiology (T.J.A., P.G.K., A.M.), Duke University Medical Center; Department of Neurosurgery (J.B.), University of Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (E.B.), Monash Health, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurosurgery (A.E.B.), Department of Radiology (M.M.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; Department of Neuroradiology (F.C.), Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, France; Guys and St Thomas's and Kings College Hospital Foundation Trusts (L.C.J.), London, UK; University Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (T.D., E.I.P.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Radiology (M.D.M.), The Permanente Medical Group, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Santa Clara, Santa Clara, California; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (M.D.M.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Radiology (I.T.M.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Neurosurgery (F.V., K.W.), Department of Neuroradiology (U.N.L.), Medical Center- University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany., Madhavan A; From the Departments of Radiology (A.L.C., D.M., D.B.), Neuroradiology Section, Neurology (A.L.W.), Neurosurgery (P.L.), University of Colorado AnschutzMedical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Radiology (T.J.A., P.G.K., A.M.), Duke University Medical Center; Department of Neurosurgery (J.B.), University of Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (E.B.), Monash Health, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurosurgery (A.E.B.), Department of Radiology (M.M.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; Department of Neuroradiology (F.C.), Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, France; Guys and St Thomas's and Kings College Hospital Foundation Trusts (L.C.J.), London, UK; University Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (T.D., E.I.P.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Radiology (M.D.M.), The Permanente Medical Group, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Santa Clara, Santa Clara, California; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (M.D.M.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Radiology (I.T.M.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Neurosurgery (F.V., K.W.), Department of Neuroradiology (U.N.L.), Medical Center- University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany., Mamlouk MD; From the Departments of Radiology (A.L.C., D.M., D.B.), Neuroradiology Section, Neurology (A.L.W.), Neurosurgery (P.L.), University of Colorado AnschutzMedical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Radiology (T.J.A., P.G.K., A.M.), Duke University Medical Center; Department of Neurosurgery (J.B.), University of Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (E.B.), Monash Health, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurosurgery (A.E.B.), Department of Radiology (M.M.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; Department of Neuroradiology (F.C.), Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, France; Guys and St Thomas's and Kings College Hospital Foundation Trusts (L.C.J.), London, UK; University Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (T.D., E.I.P.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Radiology (M.D.M.), The Permanente Medical Group, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Santa Clara, Santa Clara, California; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (M.D.M.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Radiology (I.T.M.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Neurosurgery (F.V., K.W.), Department of Neuroradiology (U.N.L.), Medical Center- University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany., Mark IT; From the Departments of Radiology (A.L.C., D.M., D.B.), Neuroradiology Section, Neurology (A.L.W.), Neurosurgery (P.L.), University of Colorado AnschutzMedical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Radiology (T.J.A., P.G.K., A.M.), Duke University Medical Center; Department of Neurosurgery (J.B.), University of Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (E.B.), Monash Health, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurosurgery (A.E.B.), Department of Radiology (M.M.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; Department of Neuroradiology (F.C.), Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, France; Guys and St Thomas's and Kings College Hospital Foundation Trusts (L.C.J.), London, UK; University Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (T.D., E.I.P.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Radiology (M.D.M.), The Permanente Medical Group, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Santa Clara, Santa Clara, California; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (M.D.M.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Radiology (I.T.M.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Neurosurgery (F.V., K.W.), Department of Neuroradiology (U.N.L.), Medical Center- University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany., Maya M; From the Departments of Radiology (A.L.C., D.M., D.B.), Neuroradiology Section, Neurology (A.L.W.), Neurosurgery (P.L.), University of Colorado AnschutzMedical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Radiology (T.J.A., P.G.K., A.M.), Duke University Medical Center; Department of Neurosurgery (J.B.), University of Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (E.B.), Monash Health, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurosurgery (A.E.B.), Department of Radiology (M.M.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; Department of Neuroradiology (F.C.), Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, France; Guys and St Thomas's and Kings College Hospital Foundation Trusts (L.C.J.), London, UK; University Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (T.D., E.I.P.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Radiology (M.D.M.), The Permanente Medical Group, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Santa Clara, Santa Clara, California; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (M.D.M.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Radiology (I.T.M.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Neurosurgery (F.V., K.W.), Department of Neuroradiology (U.N.L.), Medical Center- University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany., Piechowiak EI; From the Departments of Radiology (A.L.C., D.M., D.B.), Neuroradiology Section, Neurology (A.L.W.), Neurosurgery (P.L.), University of Colorado AnschutzMedical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Radiology (T.J.A., P.G.K., A.M.), Duke University Medical Center; Department of Neurosurgery (J.B.), University of Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (E.B.), Monash Health, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurosurgery (A.E.B.), Department of Radiology (M.M.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; Department of Neuroradiology (F.C.), Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, France; Guys and St Thomas's and Kings College Hospital Foundation Trusts (L.C.J.), London, UK; University Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (T.D., E.I.P.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Radiology (M.D.M.), The Permanente Medical Group, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Santa Clara, Santa Clara, California; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (M.D.M.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Radiology (I.T.M.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Neurosurgery (F.V., K.W.), Department of Neuroradiology (U.N.L.), Medical Center- University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany., Schievink W; From the Departments of Radiology (A.L.C., D.M., D.B.), Neuroradiology Section, Neurology (A.L.W.), Neurosurgery (P.L.), University of Colorado AnschutzMedical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Radiology (T.J.A., P.G.K., A.M.), Duke University Medical Center; Department of Neurosurgery (J.B.), University of Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (E.B.), Monash Health, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurosurgery (A.E.B.), Department of Radiology (M.M.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; Department of Neuroradiology (F.C.), Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, France; Guys and St Thomas's and Kings College Hospital Foundation Trusts (L.C.J.), London, UK; University Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (T.D., E.I.P.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Radiology (M.D.M.), The Permanente Medical Group, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Santa Clara, Santa Clara, California; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (M.D.M.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Radiology (I.T.M.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Neurosurgery (F.V., K.W.), Department of Neuroradiology (U.N.L.), Medical Center- University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany., Volz F; From the Departments of Radiology (A.L.C., D.M., D.B.), Neuroradiology Section, Neurology (A.L.W.), Neurosurgery (P.L.), University of Colorado AnschutzMedical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Radiology (T.J.A., P.G.K., A.M.), Duke University Medical Center; Department of Neurosurgery (J.B.), University of Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (E.B.), Monash Health, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurosurgery (A.E.B.), Department of Radiology (M.M.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; Department of Neuroradiology (F.C.), Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, France; Guys and St Thomas's and Kings College Hospital Foundation Trusts (L.C.J.), London, UK; University Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (T.D., E.I.P.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Radiology (M.D.M.), The Permanente Medical Group, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Santa Clara, Santa Clara, California; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (M.D.M.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Radiology (I.T.M.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Neurosurgery (F.V., K.W.), Department of Neuroradiology (U.N.L.), Medical Center- University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany., Wolf K; From the Departments of Radiology (A.L.C., D.M., D.B.), Neuroradiology Section, Neurology (A.L.W.), Neurosurgery (P.L.), University of Colorado AnschutzMedical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Radiology (T.J.A., P.G.K., A.M.), Duke University Medical Center; Department of Neurosurgery (J.B.), University of Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (E.B.), Monash Health, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurosurgery (A.E.B.), Department of Radiology (M.M.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; Department of Neuroradiology (F.C.), Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, France; Guys and St Thomas's and Kings College Hospital Foundation Trusts (L.C.J.), London, UK; University Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (T.D., E.I.P.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Radiology (M.D.M.), The Permanente Medical Group, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Santa Clara, Santa Clara, California; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (M.D.M.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Radiology (I.T.M.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Neurosurgery (F.V., K.W.), Department of Neuroradiology (U.N.L.), Medical Center- University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany., Urbach H; From the Departments of Radiology (A.L.C., D.M., D.B.), Neuroradiology Section, Neurology (A.L.W.), Neurosurgery (P.L.), University of Colorado AnschutzMedical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Radiology (T.J.A., P.G.K., A.M.), Duke University Medical Center; Department of Neurosurgery (J.B.), University of Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (E.B.), Monash Health, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurosurgery (A.E.B.), Department of Radiology (M.M.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; Department of Neuroradiology (F.C.), Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, France; Guys and St Thomas's and Kings College Hospital Foundation Trusts (L.C.J.), London, UK; University Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (T.D., E.I.P.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Radiology (M.D.M.), The Permanente Medical Group, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Santa Clara, Santa Clara, California; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (M.D.M.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Radiology (I.T.M.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Neurosurgery (F.V., K.W.), Department of Neuroradiology (U.N.L.), Medical Center- University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany., Lützen N; From the Departments of Radiology (A.L.C., D.M., D.B.), Neuroradiology Section, Neurology (A.L.W.), Neurosurgery (P.L.), University of Colorado AnschutzMedical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Radiology (T.J.A., P.G.K., A.M.), Duke University Medical Center; Department of Neurosurgery (J.B.), University of Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (E.B.), Monash Health, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurosurgery (A.E.B.), Department of Radiology (M.M.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; Department of Neuroradiology (F.C.), Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, France; Guys and St Thomas's and Kings College Hospital Foundation Trusts (L.C.J.), London, UK; University Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (T.D., E.I.P.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Radiology (M.D.M.), The Permanente Medical Group, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Santa Clara, Santa Clara, California; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (M.D.M.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Radiology (I.T.M.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Neurosurgery (F.V., K.W.), Department of Neuroradiology (U.N.L.), Medical Center- University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany. |
| Source: | AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology [AJNR Am J Neuroradiol] 2026 Mar 16. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Mar 16. |
| Publication Type: | Journal Article |
| Journal Info: | Publisher: American Society of Neuroradiology Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 8003708 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1936-959X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 01956108 NLM ISO Abbreviation: AJNR Am J Neuroradiol Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Database: | MEDLINE Ultimate |
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