Artificial intelligence-based automated interpretation of images of electrocardiograms: development and multinational validation of ECG-GPT.

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Title: Artificial intelligence-based automated interpretation of images of electrocardiograms: development and multinational validation of ECG-GPT.
Authors: Khunte A; Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 195 Church St, 6th Floor, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.; NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA., Sangha V; Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 195 Church St, 6th Floor, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.; Department of Engineering Science, Oxford University, Oxford, UK., Oikonomou EK; Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 195 Church St, 6th Floor, New Haven, CT 06510, USA., Dhingra LS; Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 195 Church St, 6th Floor, New Haven, CT 06510, USA., Aminorroaya A; Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 195 Church St, 6th Floor, New Haven, CT 06510, USA., Coppi A; Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 195 Church St, 6th Floor, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.; Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT, USA., Shankar SV; Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 195 Church St, 6th Floor, New Haven, CT 06510, USA., Rockers E; Center for Cardiovascular Computational & Precision Health, Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center, Houston, TX, USA., Mortazavi BJ; Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT, USA.; Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA., Bhatt DL; Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA., Krumholz HM; Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 195 Church St, 6th Floor, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.; Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT, USA.; Department of Health Policy and Management, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA., Al-Kindi S; Center for Cardiovascular Computational & Precision Health, Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center, Houston, TX, USA., Nadkarni GN; Windreich Department of Artificial Intelligence and Human Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.; The Hasso Plattner Institute for Digital Health at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA., Vaid A; Windreich Department of Artificial Intelligence and Human Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.; The Hasso Plattner Institute for Digital Health at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA., Khera R; Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 195 Church St, 6th Floor, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.; Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT, USA.; Section of Health Informatics, Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA.
Source: European heart journal. Digital health [Eur Heart J Digit Health] 2026 Feb 18; Vol. 7 (3), pp. ztag031. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Feb 18 (Print Publication: 2026).
Publication Type: Journal Article
Journal Info: Publisher: Oxford University Press Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101778323 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2634-3916 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 26343916 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Eur Heart J Digit Health Subsets: PubMed not MEDLINE
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Khunte+A%22">Khunte A</searchLink>; Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 195 Church St, 6th Floor, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.; NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Sangha+V%22">Sangha V</searchLink>; Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 195 Church St, 6th Floor, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.; Department of Engineering Science, Oxford University, Oxford, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Oikonomou+EK%22">Oikonomou EK</searchLink>; Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 195 Church St, 6th Floor, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Dhingra+LS%22">Dhingra LS</searchLink>; Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 195 Church St, 6th Floor, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Aminorroaya+A%22">Aminorroaya A</searchLink>; Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 195 Church St, 6th Floor, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Coppi+A%22">Coppi A</searchLink>; Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 195 Church St, 6th Floor, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.; Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Shankar+SV%22">Shankar SV</searchLink>; Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 195 Church St, 6th Floor, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Rockers+E%22">Rockers E</searchLink>; Center for Cardiovascular Computational & Precision Health, Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center, Houston, TX, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Mortazavi+BJ%22">Mortazavi BJ</searchLink>; Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT, USA.; Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Bhatt+DL%22">Bhatt DL</searchLink>; Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Krumholz+HM%22">Krumholz HM</searchLink>; Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 195 Church St, 6th Floor, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.; Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT, USA.; Department of Health Policy and Management, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Al-Kindi+S%22">Al-Kindi S</searchLink>; Center for Cardiovascular Computational & Precision Health, Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center, Houston, TX, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Nadkarni+GN%22">Nadkarni GN</searchLink>; Windreich Department of Artificial Intelligence and Human Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.; The Hasso Plattner Institute for Digital Health at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Vaid+A%22">Vaid A</searchLink>; Windreich Department of Artificial Intelligence and Human Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.; The Hasso Plattner Institute for Digital Health at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Khera+R%22">Khera R</searchLink>; Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 195 Church St, 6th Floor, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.; Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT, USA.; Section of Health Informatics, Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA.
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