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Influence of structured output constraints on GPT-5-Thinking, Gemini 2.5 Pro, and open-weight LLMs for radiology protocol selection.

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Title: Influence of structured output constraints on GPT-5-Thinking, Gemini 2.5 Pro, and open-weight LLMs for radiology protocol selection.
Authors: Bahaaeldin M; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.; Quantitative Imaging Laboratory Bonn (QILaB), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany., Nowak S; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.; Quantitative Imaging Laboratory Bonn (QILaB), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany., Seidel O; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany., Isaak A; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.; Quantitative Imaging Laboratory Bonn (QILaB), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany., Kravchenko D; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.; Quantitative Imaging Laboratory Bonn (QILaB), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany., Proff A; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.; Quantitative Imaging Laboratory Bonn (QILaB), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany., Dell T; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany., Kuetting D; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.; Quantitative Imaging Laboratory Bonn (QILaB), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany., Luetkens JA; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.; Quantitative Imaging Laboratory Bonn (QILaB), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany., Mesropyan N; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany. narine.mesropyan@ukbonn.de.; Quantitative Imaging Laboratory Bonn (QILaB), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany. narine.mesropyan@ukbonn.de.
Source: European radiology experimental [Eur Radiol Exp] 2026 Apr 10; Vol. 10 (1). Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Apr 10.
Publication Type: Journal Article
Journal Info: Publisher: SpringerOpen Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101721752 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2509-9280 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 25099280 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Eur Radiol Exp Subsets: MEDLINE
Database: MEDLINE Ultimate
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  Data: Influence of structured output constraints on GPT-5-Thinking, Gemini 2.5 Pro, and open-weight LLMs for radiology protocol selection.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Bahaaeldin+M%22">Bahaaeldin M</searchLink>; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.; Quantitative Imaging Laboratory Bonn (QILaB), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Nowak+S%22">Nowak S</searchLink>; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.; Quantitative Imaging Laboratory Bonn (QILaB), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Seidel+O%22">Seidel O</searchLink>; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Isaak+A%22">Isaak A</searchLink>; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.; Quantitative Imaging Laboratory Bonn (QILaB), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Kravchenko+D%22">Kravchenko D</searchLink>; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.; Quantitative Imaging Laboratory Bonn (QILaB), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Proff+A%22">Proff A</searchLink>; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.; Quantitative Imaging Laboratory Bonn (QILaB), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Dell+T%22">Dell T</searchLink>; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Kuetting+D%22">Kuetting D</searchLink>; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.; Quantitative Imaging Laboratory Bonn (QILaB), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Luetkens+JA%22">Luetkens JA</searchLink>; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.; Quantitative Imaging Laboratory Bonn (QILaB), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Mesropyan+N%22">Mesropyan N</searchLink>; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany. narine.mesropyan@ukbonn.de.; Quantitative Imaging Laboratory Bonn (QILaB), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany. narine.mesropyan@ukbonn.de.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22101721752%22">European radiology experimental</searchLink> [Eur Radiol Exp] 2026 Apr 10; Vol. 10 (1). <i>Date of Electronic Publication: </i>2026 Apr 10.
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              Text: 2026 Apr 10
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