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Cross-Sectional Evaluation of Medical Disinformation Safeguards in Consumer-Facing Large Language Model Platforms.

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Title: Cross-Sectional Evaluation of Medical Disinformation Safeguards in Consumer-Facing Large Language Model Platforms.
Authors: Modi ND; Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia, 61 08 830 24926., Alex CA; College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia., Awaty AA; College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia., Menz BD; College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia., Bacchi S; Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia., Gradon KT; Department of Security and Crime Science, University College London, London, England, United Kingdom., Logan JM; Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia, 61 08 830 24926., Rowland A; College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia., Kalisch Ellett L; Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia, 61 08 830 24926., McKinnon RA; College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia., Wiese MD; Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia, 61 08 830 24926., Sorich MJ; College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia., Hopkins AM; College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Source: JMIR infodemiology [JMIR Infodemiology] 2026 Apr 20; Vol. 6, pp. e89831. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Apr 20.
Publication Type: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Journal Info: Publisher: JMIR Publications Country of Publication: Canada NLM ID: 9918249014806676 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2564-1891 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 25641891 NLM ISO Abbreviation: JMIR Infodemiology Subsets: MEDLINE
Database: MEDLINE Ultimate
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Modi+ND%22">Modi ND</searchLink>; Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia, 61 08 830 24926.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Alex+CA%22">Alex CA</searchLink>; College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Awaty+AA%22">Awaty AA</searchLink>; College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Menz+BD%22">Menz BD</searchLink>; College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Bacchi+S%22">Bacchi S</searchLink>; Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Gradon+KT%22">Gradon KT</searchLink>; Department of Security and Crime Science, University College London, London, England, United Kingdom.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Logan+JM%22">Logan JM</searchLink>; Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia, 61 08 830 24926.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Rowland+A%22">Rowland A</searchLink>; College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Kalisch+Ellett+L%22">Kalisch Ellett L</searchLink>; Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia, 61 08 830 24926.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22McKinnon+RA%22">McKinnon RA</searchLink>; College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Wiese+MD%22">Wiese MD</searchLink>; Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia, 61 08 830 24926.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Sorich+MJ%22">Sorich MJ</searchLink>; College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Hopkins+AM%22">Hopkins AM</searchLink>; College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%229918249014806676%22">JMIR infodemiology</searchLink> [JMIR Infodemiology] 2026 Apr 20; Vol. 6, pp. e89831. <i>Date of Electronic Publication: </i>2026 Apr 20.
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  Data: <i>Publisher: </i><searchLink fieldCode="PB" term="%22JMIR+Publications%22">JMIR Publications </searchLink><i>Country of Publication: </i>Canada <i>NLM ID: </i>9918249014806676 <i>Publication Model: </i>Electronic <i>Cited Medium: </i>Internet <i>ISSN: </i>2564-1891 (Electronic) <i>Linking ISSN: </i><searchLink fieldCode="IS" term="%2225641891%22">25641891 </searchLink><i>NLM ISO Abbreviation: </i>JMIR Infodemiology <i>Subsets: </i>MEDLINE
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