Uptrend in esotropia incidence in the era of excessive smartphone use: A nationwide population-based cohort study in Japan, 2014-2019.

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Title: Uptrend in esotropia incidence in the era of excessive smartphone use: A nationwide population-based cohort study in Japan, 2014-2019.
Authors: Wada S; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan., Miyata M; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan., Miyake M; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan., Kido A; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan., Kamei T; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan., Ueshima H; Center for Innovative Research and Education in Data Science, Institute for Liberal Arts and Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan., Nakao S; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan., Yamamoto A; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan., Suda K; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan., Nakano E; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan., Tamura H; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.; Center for Innovative Research and Education in Data Science, Institute for Liberal Arts and Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan., Tsujikawa A; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
Source: PLOS digital health [PLOS Digit Health] 2026 Apr 22; Vol. 5 (4), pp. e0001382. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Apr 22 (Print Publication: 2026).
Publication Type: Journal Article
Journal Info: Publisher: PLOS Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 9918335064206676 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2767-3170 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 27673170 NLM ISO Abbreviation: PLOS Digit Health Subsets: PubMed not MEDLINE
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Wada+S%22">Wada S</searchLink>; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Miyata+M%22">Miyata M</searchLink>; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Miyake+M%22">Miyake M</searchLink>; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Kido+A%22">Kido A</searchLink>; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Kamei+T%22">Kamei T</searchLink>; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Ueshima+H%22">Ueshima H</searchLink>; Center for Innovative Research and Education in Data Science, Institute for Liberal Arts and Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Nakao+S%22">Nakao S</searchLink>; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Yamamoto+A%22">Yamamoto A</searchLink>; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Suda+K%22">Suda K</searchLink>; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Nakano+E%22">Nakano E</searchLink>; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Tamura+H%22">Tamura H</searchLink>; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.; Center for Innovative Research and Education in Data Science, Institute for Liberal Arts and Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Tsujikawa+A%22">Tsujikawa A</searchLink>; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%229918335064206676%22">PLOS digital health</searchLink> [PLOS Digit Health] 2026 Apr 22; Vol. 5 (4), pp. e0001382. <i>Date of Electronic Publication: </i>2026 Apr 22 (<i>Print Publication: </i>2026).
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