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Gut microbiome functional pathways outperform taxonomic profiles in predicting immune checkpoint inhibitor response in non-small cell lung cancer: an interpretable machine learning approach with SHAP.

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Title: Gut microbiome functional pathways outperform taxonomic profiles in predicting immune checkpoint inhibitor response in non-small cell lung cancer: an interpretable machine learning approach with SHAP.
Authors: Wei F; Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, Yokohama, Japan.; Cancer Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Japan., Nakahara Y; Department of Thoracic Oncology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Japan.; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan., Isobe J; Department of Hospital Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Showa Medical University, Tokyo, Japan., Igarashi Y; Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, Yokohama, Japan., Saito H; Department of Thoracic Oncology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Japan., Murakami S; Department of Thoracic Oncology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Japan., Kondo T; Department of Thoracic Oncology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Japan., Himuro H; Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, Yokohama, Japan.; Cancer Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Japan., Kouro T; Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, Yokohama, Japan.; Cancer Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Japan., Matsui T; Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, Yokohama, Japan.; Cancer Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Japan.; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan., Wada S; Department of Clinical Diagnostic Oncology, Clinical Research Institute for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Showa Medical University, Tokyo, Japan., Tsunoda T; Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Showa Medical University, Tokyo, Japan., Yoshimura K; Department of Clinical Immuno Oncology, Clinical Research Institute for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Showa Medical University, Tokyo, Japan., Sasada T; Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, Yokohama, Japan.; Cancer Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Japan.
Source: Frontiers in immunology [Front Immunol] 2026 May 15; Vol. 17, pp. 1832317. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 May 15 (Print Publication: 2026).
Publication Type: Journal Article
Journal Info: Publisher: Frontiers Research Foundation] Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101560960 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1664-3224 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 16643224 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Front Immunol Subsets: MEDLINE
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  Data: Gut microbiome functional pathways outperform taxonomic profiles in predicting immune checkpoint inhibitor response in non-small cell lung cancer: an interpretable machine learning approach with SHAP.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Wei+F%22">Wei F</searchLink>; Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, Yokohama, Japan.; Cancer Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Japan.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Nakahara+Y%22">Nakahara Y</searchLink>; Department of Thoracic Oncology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Japan.; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Isobe+J%22">Isobe J</searchLink>; Department of Hospital Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Showa Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Igarashi+Y%22">Igarashi Y</searchLink>; Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, Yokohama, Japan.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Saito+H%22">Saito H</searchLink>; Department of Thoracic Oncology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Japan.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Murakami+S%22">Murakami S</searchLink>; Department of Thoracic Oncology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Japan.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Kondo+T%22">Kondo T</searchLink>; Department of Thoracic Oncology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Japan.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Himuro+H%22">Himuro H</searchLink>; Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, Yokohama, Japan.; Cancer Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Japan.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Kouro+T%22">Kouro T</searchLink>; Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, Yokohama, Japan.; Cancer Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Japan.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Matsui+T%22">Matsui T</searchLink>; Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, Yokohama, Japan.; Cancer Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Japan.; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Wada+S%22">Wada S</searchLink>; Department of Clinical Diagnostic Oncology, Clinical Research Institute for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Showa Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Tsunoda+T%22">Tsunoda T</searchLink>; Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Showa Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Yoshimura+K%22">Yoshimura K</searchLink>; Department of Clinical Immuno Oncology, Clinical Research Institute for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Showa Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Sasada+T%22">Sasada T</searchLink>; Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, Yokohama, Japan.; Cancer Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Japan.
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