Substance use patterns in elite athletes: a scoping review of alcohol, performance-enhancing drugs and other psychoactive substances.
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| Title: | Substance use patterns in elite athletes: a scoping review of alcohol, performance-enhancing drugs and other psychoactive substances. |
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| Authors: | Castaldelli-Maia JM; Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil jmcmaia@usp.br.; Perdizes Institute (IPer), Clinics Hospital of the Medical School (HCFMUSP), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil., Ayalla Rodrigues A; Medicina, Faculdade Pernambucana de Saude Curso de Medicina, Recife, Brazil., Mannes ZL; Department of Emergency Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.; Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA., Smith A; Department of Forensic Psychiatry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland., Liebrenz M; Department of Forensic Psychiatry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland., Gouttebarge V; Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Amsterdam, Netherlands.; Section Sports Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa., Hainline B; NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA., Reardon CL; Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA., McDuff D; Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. |
| Source: | British journal of sports medicine [Br J Sports Med] 2026 Jun 17. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Jun 17. |
| Publication Type: | Journal Article |
| Journal Info: | Publisher: BMJ Publishing Group Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 0432520 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1473-0480 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 03063674 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Br J Sports Med Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Database: | MEDLINE Ultimate |
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