Genetic and environmental influences on illicit drug use and tobacco use across birth cohorts.
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| Title: | Genetic and environmental influences on illicit drug use and tobacco use across birth cohorts. |
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| Authors: | Kendler KS (AUTHOR), Gardner C (AUTHOR), Jacobson KC (AUTHOR), Neale MC (AUTHOR), Prescott CA (AUTHOR) |
| Source: | Psychological Medicine. Sep2005, Vol. 35 Issue 9, p1349-1356. 8p. |
| Abstract: | BACKGROUND: The prevalence of use of many psychoactive substances has changed considerably in recent years. While genetic factors impact on overall risk for substance use, we know little about whether the etiological importance of these factors differs across birth cohorts. One theory, which postulates that heritability of deviant traits increases in permissive environments, predicts a positive relationship across cohorts between prevalence and heritability of substance use. METHOD: The lifetime history of use of tobacco, cannabis, cocaine, sedatives and stimulants were assessed in 4826 twins from male-male and female-female pairs born in Virginia from 1934 to 1974. Using empirical methods based on prevalence by birth year, these twins were divided into three cohorts for each substance (e.g. for cannabis 1934-1953, 1954-1968 and 1969-1974). Structural equation modeling was performed using the Mx software package. RESULTS: Prevalence rates for psychoactive substance use differed substantially across cohorts, most markedly for cocaine, sedatives and stimulants, which were highest in the 1958-1963 cohort. However, for all substances, the best-fit model constrained estimates of the etiological role of genetic and environmental risk factors to be equal across both sex and cohort. CONCLUSIONS: We found no evidence in this sample for any systematic relationship between heritability and prevalence of psychoactive substance use--which should be a rough index of drug availability and/or acceptability. This sample had reasonable power to detect large changes in heritability across cohorts and at least moderate power to detect relatively small changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Psychological Medicine is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
| Database: | Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection |
| FullText | Text: Availability: 0 |
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| Header | DbId: pbh DbLabel: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection An: 106540531 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Genetic and environmental influences on illicit drug use and tobacco use across birth cohorts. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kendler+KS%22">Kendler KS</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gardner+C%22">Gardner C</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jacobson+KC%22">Jacobson KC</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Neale+MC%22">Neale MC</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Prescott+CA%22">Prescott CA</searchLink> (AUTHOR) – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Psychological+Medicine%22">Psychological Medicine</searchLink>. Sep2005, Vol. 35 Issue 9, p1349-1356. 8p. – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: BACKGROUND: The prevalence of use of many psychoactive substances has changed considerably in recent years. While genetic factors impact on overall risk for substance use, we know little about whether the etiological importance of these factors differs across birth cohorts. One theory, which postulates that heritability of deviant traits increases in permissive environments, predicts a positive relationship across cohorts between prevalence and heritability of substance use. METHOD: The lifetime history of use of tobacco, cannabis, cocaine, sedatives and stimulants were assessed in 4826 twins from male-male and female-female pairs born in Virginia from 1934 to 1974. Using empirical methods based on prevalence by birth year, these twins were divided into three cohorts for each substance (e.g. for cannabis 1934-1953, 1954-1968 and 1969-1974). Structural equation modeling was performed using the Mx software package. RESULTS: Prevalence rates for psychoactive substance use differed substantially across cohorts, most markedly for cocaine, sedatives and stimulants, which were highest in the 1958-1963 cohort. However, for all substances, the best-fit model constrained estimates of the etiological role of genetic and environmental risk factors to be equal across both sex and cohort. CONCLUSIONS: We found no evidence in this sample for any systematic relationship between heritability and prevalence of psychoactive substance use--which should be a rough index of drug availability and/or acceptability. This sample had reasonable power to detect large changes in heritability across cohorts and at least moderate power to detect relatively small changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Psychological Medicine is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1017/s0033291705004964 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 8 StartPage: 1349 Titles: – TitleFull: Genetic and environmental influences on illicit drug use and tobacco use across birth cohorts. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Kendler KS – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Gardner C – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Jacobson KC – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Neale MC – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Prescott CA IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 09 Text: Sep2005 Type: published Y: 2005 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 00332917 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 35 – Type: issue Value: 9 Titles: – TitleFull: Psychological Medicine Type: main |
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